Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation use in shallow hard rock aquifer of Pudunagaram, Palakkad District Kerala

Kumar, Varun; Amarender, B.; Dhakate, Ratnakar; Sankaran, S.; Kumar, Kamlesh

doi:10.1007/s13201-014-0214-6

Cited by 68 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The mean value of TDS in this study for Lake Hawassa (455.6 mg/L) were greater than that of Lake Ziway (200 to 400 mg/L) conducted by Hengsdijk and Jansen [99]. The major source for TDS is due to livestock waste, landfills and dissolved minerals [100]. Electrical conductivity can be categorized low when EC< = 250 µS/cm (C1), medium when 250-750 µS/cm (C2), high when it ranges from 750-2250 µS/cm (C3) and very high when > 2250 µS/cm (C4) [ The major source for TDS is due to livestock waste, landfills and dissolved minerals [100].…”

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) and Electrical Conductivity (Ec)contrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The major source for TDS is due to livestock waste, landfills and dissolved minerals [100]. Electrical conductivity can be categorized low when EC< = 250 µS/cm (C1), medium when 250-750 µS/cm (C2), high when it ranges from 750-2250 µS/cm (C3) and very high when > 2250 µS/cm (C4) [ The major source for TDS is due to livestock waste, landfills and dissolved minerals [100]. Electrical conductivity can be categorized low when EC ≤ 250 µS/cm (C1), medium when 250-750 µS/cm (C2), high when it ranges from 750-2250 µS/cm (C3) and very high when > 2250 µS/cm (C4) [100][101][102].…”

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) and Electrical Conductivity (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Lencha

Tränckner

Dananto

2021

IJERPH

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The rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and poor wastewater management practices have led to an intense water quality impediment in Lake Hawassa Watershed. This study has intended to engage the different water quality indices to categorize the suitability of the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed for anthropogenic uses and identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters at selected sites and periods was conducted throughout May 2020 to January 2021 to assess the present status of the Lake Watershed. In total, 19 monitoring sites and 21 physicochemical parameters were selected and analyzed in a laboratory. The Canadian council of ministries of the environment (CCME WQI) and weighted arithmetic (WA WQI) water quality indices have been used to cluster the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed and the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) has been employed to identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. The water quality is generally categorized as unsuitable for drinking, aquatic life and recreational purposes and it is excellent to unsuitable for irrigation depending on the sampling location and the applied indices. Specifically, in WA WQI, rivers were excellent for agricultural uses and Lake Hawassa was good for agricultural uses. However, the CCME WQI findings showed rivers were good for irrigation but lake Hawassa was marginal for agricultural use. Point sources were impaired for all envisioned purposes. The overall category of Lake Hawassa falls under a eutrophic state since the average TSI was 65.4 and the lake is phosphorous-deficient, having TN:TP of 31.1. The monitored point sources indicate that the city of Hawassa and its numerous industrial discharges are key polluters, requiring a fast and consequent set-up of an efficient wastewater infrastructure, accompanied by a rigorous monitoring of large point sources (e.g., industry, hospitals and hotels). In spite of the various efforts, the recovery of Lake Hawassa may take a long time as it is hydrologically closed. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water supply, a central supply system according to World Health organization (WHO) standards also for the fringe inhabitants still using lake water is imperative. Introducing riparian buffer zones of vegetation and grasses can support the direct pollution alleviation measures and is helpful to reduce the dispersed pollution coming from the population using latrines. Additionally, integrating aeration systems like pumping atmospheric air into the bottom of the lake using solar energy panels or diffusers are effective mitigation measures that will improve the water quality of the lake. In parallel, the implementation and efficiency control of measures requires coordinated environmental monitoring with dedicated development targets.

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Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) and Electrical Conductivity (Ec)contrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds) and Electrical Conductivity (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Lencha

Tränckner

Dananto

2021

IJERPH

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“…The Charnockite rock is generally high in the study area. The variations in topography, surface material (rock and soil), and land cover which influence the rate of weathering are the reasons for the differences in the concentration of calcium in the waters of the study area (Kumar et al 2014).…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the population in the world depends on groundwater for daily uses. More and more researchers are concentrating on hydro-geochemistry in recent decades, which is challenging to the scientific researchers based on hydrology and lithology (Guettaf et al 2014;Kumar et al 2014;Singh et al 2014a, b;Srinivasamoorthy et al 2011). The hydro-geochemical method can be used for identifying the interaction between rocks and waters (Basavarajappa and Manjunatha 2015;Qiyan and Baoping 2002;Zhang et al 2001;Poroshin and Khaninak 2000;Cai et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical tools in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

Arulbalaji

Gurugnanam

2016

Appl Water Sci

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The water quality study of Salem district, Tamil Nadu has been carried out to assess the water quality for domestic and irrigation purposes. For this purpose, 59 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major anions (HCO 3-, CO 3-, F-, Cl-, NO 2-? NO 3-, and SO 4 2-), major cations (Ca 2? Mg 2? , Na ? , and K ?), alkalinity (ALK), and hardness (HAR). To assess the water quality, the following chemical parameters were calculated based on the analytical results, such as Piper plot, water quality index (WQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly index (KI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Wilcox diagram represents that 23% of the samples are excellent to good, 40% of the samples are good to permissible, 10% of the samples are permissible to doubtful, 24% of the samples are doubtful unsuitable, and only 3% of the samples are unsuitable for irrigation. SAR values shows that 52% of the samples indicate high-to-very high and low-to-medium alkali water. KI values indicate good quality (30%) and not suitable (70%) for irrigation purposes. RSC values indicate that 89% of samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. MH reveals that 17% suitable and 83% samples are not suitable for irrigation purposes and for domestic purposes the excellent (8%), good (48%), and poor (44%). The agricultural waste, fertilizer used, soil leaching, urban runoff, livestock waste, and sewages are the sources of poor water quality. Some samples are not suitable for irrigation purposes due to high salinity, hardness, and magnesium concentration. In general, the groundwater of the Salem district was polluted by agricultural activities, anthropogenic activities, ion exchange, and weathering. Keywords Geochemistry Á Water quality index Á Wilcox diagram Á Kelley index Á Magnesium hazard Á Residual sodium carbonate Á USSL diagram

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“…The experiments were done using system and titrimetric testing for temporary and permanent hardness, calcium, magnesium and chloride levels. All sampling steps and data analysis was performed according to standard methods for water and wastewater [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ( Table 6 ).…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data on water quality index for the groundwater in rural area Neyshabur County, Razavi province, Iran

et al. 2017

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Public health is at risk from physical and chemical contaminants in the drinking water which may have immediate health consequences. The data from the current study was evaluated for groundwater quality in the rural villages of Neyshabur County in Iran. For determination of the essential physicochemical parameters, water samples were collected from 30 randomly-selected water wells during 2013 and 2014. The samples were tested in situ to measure physical parameters of pH and electrical conductivity and chemical parameters of total dissolved solids, total hardness and levels of calcium, magnesium, carbonates, bicarbonates, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfates. The APHA method was applied to determine the physicochemical parameters of the water samples.

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Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation use in shallow hard rock aquifer of Pudunagaram, Palakkad District Kerala

Cited by 68 publications

References 33 publications

Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical tools in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

Data on water quality index for the groundwater in rural area Neyshabur County, Razavi province, Iran

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