Assessment of Ground‐Based X‐Band Radar Reflectivity: Attenuation Correction and its Comparison With Space‐Borne Radars Over the Western Ghats, India

Das, Subrata Kumar; Krishna, U. V. Murali; Kolte, Yogesh K.; Deshpande, Sachin M.; Pandithurai, G.

doi:10.1029/2019ea000861

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…However, the maximum CS frequency is shifted ( 1 h) in the TRMM-PR measurements. The peak occurrence shift may be due to different sampling intervals ( 12 min volume scan of X-band radar and instantaneous scan of TRMM-PR), different horizontal resolutions, viewing aspects, propagation paths, resolution volume size, and sensitivity between X-band radar and TRMM-PR measurements 38 . Krishna et al 39 compared the diurnal cycle in rainfall measured from impact disdrometer and TRMM along WG’s windward side.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Deshpande

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Diurnal variation of convective storms (CSs) during monsoon season and associated physical mechanisms are significantly important for accurate forecast of short-time and extreme precipitation. The diurnal cycle of CSs is investigated using ground-based X-band radar, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar, and reanalysis data during the summer monsoon (June–September of 2014) over complex mountain terrain of Western Ghats, India. Diurnally, CSs show a bimodal distribution in the coastal areas, but this bimodality became weak along the upslope regions and on the mountain top. The first occurrence mode of CSs is in the afternoon–evening hours, while the second peak is in the early-morning hours. The diurnal cycle’s intensity varies with location, such that it reaches maximum in the afternoon–evening hours and early morning on the mountain top and coastal areas, respectively. Two possible mechanisms are proposed for the observed diurnal variation in CSs (a) the radiative cooling effect and (b) the surface wind convergence induced by the interaction between land-sea breeze, local topography and large-scale monsoon winds. It is also observed that the CSs developed on the mountain top during afternoon–evening hours are deeper than those along the coast. The higher moisture in the lower- and mid-troposphere, higher instability and strong upward motion facilitate deeper CSs during afternoon–evening hours.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radar signals are processed using Enigma III + signal processor. Detailed technical specifications can be found in Das et al 38 , 55 . Routine calibrations are performed for transmitted power and frequency, pulse width, received power, gain, and dynamic range as per the standard procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Deshpande

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Even though both the radars (GPM Ka-band and ground-based Ka-band radar) have nearly the same operating frequency, one to one matching between their measurements is quite difficult. This mismatching is due to differences in viewing aspects between space and earth observations, propagation paths, resolution volume size, measurement sensitivity, and time synchronization mismatch [31], [32]. The mean and standard deviation of CTH and storm top height from Ka-band radar and GPM are provided in Table II. To evaluate the CTH obtained from Ka-band radar in R3, the CTH distributions are compared with cloud profiling radar (CPR) at W-band (~94 GHz) on-board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration cloud observing satellite (CloudSat) (figure not shown).…”

Section: Distribution Of Cth and Ccsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Validation of Cloud Top Height From Scanning Ka-Band Radar Measurements Using Digital Image Processing Technique

Das

Joshi²,

Kokitkar³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…This assumes a fixed shape parameter (𝜇) in the gamma distribution (Saleeby and Cotton, 2004), introducing errors in the precipitation estimation. The DSD is also used in correcting the rain attenuation for short-wavelength radars (e.g., Bringi and Chandrasekar, 2001;Das et al, 2020). DSD retrieval accuracy is often assessed using disdrometer measurements (Munchak and Tokay, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

Krishna

Das

Kolte

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This study evaluates the performance of four impact‐type disdrometers installed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, located on the leeside of the Western Ghats (WG). Further, seasonal variation of rain microphysical properties is studied during pre‐monsoon (March–May), monsoon (June–September), post‐monsoon (October–November), and winter (December–February). The four disdrometers exhibit comparable raindrop‐size distribution (DSD) patterns, though negligible differences are found at smaller drop diameters. The DSD shows higher concentrations of smaller (large‐size) drops during monsoon (pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon). Principal component analysis revealed three distinct modes of DSD characteristics. Monsoon DSDs are associated with a group of numerous smaller drops allied with shallow storm heights (warm rain). The pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon DSDs are clustered in a group where ice‐based processes dominate, resulting in higher median drop diameters (D0) and smaller normalized intercept parameters (Nw). The fitted gamma DSD model indicates higher mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) during pre‐monsoon, and higher intercept parameter during monsoon, whereas post‐monsoon and winter have intermediate values. DSD stratified with rain rate shows that the Dm values increase with an increase in rain rate during winter, monsoon and post‐monsoon, whereas in pre‐monsoon, Dm increases initially and then decreases. Higher Dm and lower Nw are observed during convective rain in all seasons. The fitted slope (λ)‐shape (μ) parameter relationships show a considerable seasonal variation. The DSD on the WG leeside is notably different from the windward slopes and other WG locations. Different microphysical and dynamical mechanisms lead to seasonal differences in DSD characteristics. In monsoon, a considerable volume of water vapour advected from the Arabian Sea promotes the formation of raindrops through collision‐coalescence processes, which may result in a higher proportion of smaller and mid‐sized raindrops. The deeper clouds during pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon indicate mixed‐phase processes, which leads to mid‐ and large‐sized raindrops.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Assessment of Ground‐Based X‐Band Radar Reflectivity: Attenuation Correction and its Comparison With Space‐Borne Radars Over the Western Ghats, India

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Physical processes controlling the diurnal cycle of convective storms in the Western Ghats

Detection and Validation of Cloud Top Height From Scanning Ka-Band Radar Measurements Using Digital Image Processing Technique

Characterization of rain microphysics on the leeside of the Western Ghats

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