Assessment of grapevine genetic resources based on physiological data

Abstract

One of the most important breeding priorities is the assessment and improvement of the resistance of cultivated fruit crop genotypes to environmental stressors. Abiotic factors often do not allow realizing the productivity potential of fruit plants, which entails a decrease in the efficiency of their cultivation and financial losses for producers. In this regard, varieties with increased resistance to extreme environmental conditions are of great importance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use practical approaches to study and isolate genetic sources of high stress resistance for use in plant breeding and introduction. The aims of the studies were identifying the potential for resistance of grapevine genetic resources to abiotic stressors (through physiological diagnostics) and assessing new highly adaptive genotypes. We studied varieties and wild forms of grapevine differing in ecological and geographical origin to determine the main photosynthetic indicators (the total amount of chlorophyll, chlorophyll "a" / "b") in connection with their drought resistance. As a result of the study, grapevine varieties -(Ag Shany, Ag kishmishi, Tozlaiyjy, Girmizi kishmishi) and wild grapevine samples No.71, 17 No. 78, 25 No. 43, No. 74, 3 No.34 were identified as the most drought resistant. As a result of the study, relatively drought-resistant samples were identified, which are recommended for use in breeding work. Determination of the degree of plant resistance to extreme environmental factors will make it possible to assess the prospects of varieties of various fruit crops, including grapevine, for different soil and climatic zones of Azerbaijan.