Assessment of Genetic Variation in the Presence of Maternal or Paternal Effects in Herbivorous Insects

Rossiter, MaryCarol

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0902-5_6

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1b, see Rossiter, 1998). In this experiment, both infectivity (host acceptance, handling time) and virulence (sex ratio, development time, productivity, and progeny survival) were examined.…”

Section: Transplant Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐related fitness trade‐offs in a presumed generalist parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Antolin¹,

Bjorksten²,

Vaughn³

2006

Ecological Entomology

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1. Host ranges of parasitoid wasps are mediated by behavioural responses to hosts and their environment (infectivity), and development in hosts (virulence). Determinants of host range were measured in Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), which has been described as a generalist that attacks more than 60 species.2. In northern Colorado, this wasp mainly attacks two hosts: cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia). Here, laboratory experiments are described in which D. rapae originating from these two hosts were offered several hosts for oviposition. Both infectivity and virulence were measured.3. Infectivity included host acceptance and handling time, while virulence was measured as productivity (number of progeny), survival of immatures within hosts, development time, and sex ratio. 4. Wasps had higher productivity and survival when attacking 'home' hosts than 'alternate' hosts, and trade-offs were found by quantitative genetic analyses to be genetically determined. Sex ratio and development times also showed tradeoffs, but mainly related to the host environment in which females were reared. 5. In previous genetic studies in northern Colorado, populations were genetically subdivided on the scale of 1 km. The fitness differences described here could be strong enough to create populations adapted to different hosts, but it appears that gene flow is sufficient to prevent formation of separate lineages on the two hosts.6. Rather than being a generalist with a broad host range, D. rapae is a serial specialist, attacking particular hosts according to availability in different seasons or in different geographical areas.

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Section: Transplant Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐related fitness trade‐offs in a presumed generalist parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Antolin¹,

Bjorksten²,

Vaughn³

2006

Ecological Entomology

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“…The most prominent of these are maternal effects, in which nongenetic factors such as egg provisioning affect the performance of offspring. Maternal effects are widespread among terrestrial herbivorous insects (Rossiter 1998), but their influence on marine herbivores is unknown. They may be common among amphipods due to their brooding habit (females may actively care for their brood) and the relationships between female size and fecundity (Nelson 1980).…”

Section: Heritability Of Performance Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Plant Adaptation in an Herbivorous Marine Amphipod: Genetic Potential Not Realized in Field Populations

Poore

Steinberg

2001

Evolution

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Abstract. Evolutionary responses of herbivores to their host plants depend not only on selection from plants, but also on the genetic basis of traits relating to host use. The genetic basis of such traits has been investigated extensively among terrestrial insect herbivores, but has received almost no attention among marine herbivores. We tested whether performance traits in the herbivorous marine amphipod Peramphithoe parmerong display heritable variation and, for the first time for a marine herbivore, whether selection has resulted in local adaptation to host plants on two spatial scales. Peramphithoe parmerong displayed heritable genetic variation for survival on two host macroalgae, the highquality Sargassum linearifolium and the poor-quality Padina crassa, and for growth on S. linearifolium. Differences in performance on different hosts thus have the potential to select for differential use of hosts by this amphipod. Despite this potential, there was no evidence among field populations of local adaptation to host algae on either scale tested: between hosts within a site or among sites differing in algal species composition. Within a site, amphipods were not more likely to prefer or perform better on the host on which they were collected. Similarly, amphipods collected from sites in which P. crassa was present were not more likely to perform well on this host than amphipods collected from sites where this alga was not found. Ecological factors that may explain the persistence of P. parmerong on P. crassa and the possibility of phylogenetic constraints on host use by P. parmerong are discussed.Key words. Algae, amphipods, herbivory, heritability, host-plant adaptation.Received November 22, 1999. Accepted August 10, 2000.Explanatory models of plant-herbivore interactions commonly assume that plants exert a selective pressure on herbivore traits that relate to use of host plants. Differential fitness of herbivores on various plant parts, individuals, or species is thought to select for both preference traits that influence the behavioral choice of plant resources and performance traits that are responsible for growth, survival, and fecundity of herbivores consuming a given plant resource. The response of herbivore traits to natural selection by plants, however, is dependent not only on differential performance (i.e., the intensity of selection), but also on the genetic basis of the traits in question. Preference or performance traits must vary between individuals in a population and the traits must be heritable for selection to alter use of host plants by herbivores (i.e., variation among individuals resulting at least in part from additive genetic variation; Falconer 1989).The genetic relationship between traits is also important, with some models relying on indirect selection to alter the use of host plants by herbivores. A common working hypothesis for host choice by herbivores has been that adult herbivores select hosts on the basis of their offsprings' performance, resulting in a correlation between prefer...

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“…For example, host-plant induced differences in parental diet could affect egg or sperm quality. The potential also exists for inherited and noninherited environmental factors to influence the evolution of locally adapted demes (Rossiter 1998). For insects on plants, demes may evolve in response to local abiotic features, rather than to the natal host plant.…”

Section: Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Variation in Leafminer Population Structure and Adaptation to Individual Oak Trees

Mopper¹,

Stiling²,

Landau³

et al. 2000

Ecology

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Stilbosis quadricustatella leafminers are microlepidopteran specialists of sand-live oak (Quercus geminata). These tiny moths produce one generation per year and have a parasitic life-cycle and long larval stage that develops entirely within a single oak leaf. Differences in host-plant age, phenotype, and phenology generate a coarse-grained, spatially heterogeneous environment for the leafminer population. Previous reciprocal transfers of leafminer eggs among mature oaks revealed that S. quadricustatella are locally adapted to individual oak trees. In this paper we use genetic markers and an extinctionrecolonization experiment to explore further variation in leafminer population structure. Allozyme loci indicate significant interdemic genetic structure among recent colonists of new host trees, which weakens in the 10th generation and disappears by the 40th generation. In contrast, adaptive demic structure is evident by the 10th generation and is strong in the 40th generation, despite the potential for substantial intertree dispersal. We propose that host heterogeneity combined with leafminer fidelity to natal trees promotes divergent selection and rapid demic evolution on individual oaks, despite potentially high gene flow between the leafminers inhabiting them.

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Assessment of Genetic Variation in the Presence of Maternal or Paternal Effects in Herbivorous Insects

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Host‐related fitness trade‐offs in a presumed generalist parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Host‐related fitness trade‐offs in a presumed generalist parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Host-Plant Adaptation in an Herbivorous Marine Amphipod: Genetic Potential Not Realized in Field Populations

Spatiotemporal Variation in Leafminer Population Structure and Adaptation to Individual Oak Trees

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