Assessment of fuel cell types for ships: Based on multi-criteria decision analysis

Inal, Ömer Berkehan; Deniz, Cengiz

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121734

Cited by 124 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…where C represents the elastic tensor of the matrix, C represents the elastic tensor of the inclusion and I (4) represents the identity fourth-order tensor. Note that ε 0 is arbitrary, and the following equation for the overall stiffness tensor of the composite material can be obtained:…”

Section: Fourier Series-based Homogenization Methods Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are various types such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFCs) depending on fuel and substances. Among them, PEMFCs are the most attractive fuel cells due to their low operating temperature, compact structure and fast startup and shutdown facilities [1][2][3][4]. In terms of structural and functional aspects, the fuel cell can be divided into a separation plate, a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a gasket.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios

Lee¹,

Choi

Kang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) typically consists of a thin layer of carbon fiber paper, carbon cloth or nonwoven and has numerous pores. The GDL plays an important role that determines the performance of the fuel cell. It is a medium through which hydrogen and oxygen are transferred and serves as a passage through which water, generated by the electrochemical reaction, is discharged. The GDL tissue undergoes a compressive loading during the stacking process. This leads to changes in fiber content, porosity and resin content due to compressive load, which affects the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of the GDL and ultimately determines fuel cell performance. In this study, the geometry of a GDL was modeled according to the compression ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%), which simulated the compression during the stacking process and predicted the equivalent properties according to the change of GDL carbon fiber content, matrix content and pore porosity, etc. The proposed method to predict the equivalent material properties can not only consider the stacking direction of the material during stack assembling process, but can also provide a manufacturing standard for fastening compressive load for GDL.

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Section: Fourier Series-based Homogenization Methods Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios

Lee¹,

Choi

Kang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is difficult to choose the promising pathways based on an individual indicator. Therefore, a multi-criterion decision-making approach, or the analytic hierarchy process, are usually employed [42], whereby PEMFC/HT-PEMFC, MCFC and SOFC are thought to be the most promising types of fuel cells for maritime applications [11,43].…”

Section: Types Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Cell Power Systems for Maritime Applications: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Fuel cells as clean power sources are very attractive for the maritime sector, which is committed to sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant emissions from ships. This paper presents a technological review on fuel cell power systems for maritime applications from the past two decades. The available fuels including hydrogen, ammonia, renewable methane and methanol for fuel cells under the context of sustainable maritime transportation and their pre-processing technologies are analyzed. Proton exchange membrane, molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells are found to be the most promising options for maritime applications, once energy efficiency, power capacity and sensitivity to fuel impurities are considered. The types, layouts and characteristics of fuel cell modules are summarized based on the existing applications in particular industrial or residential sectors. The various research and demonstration projects of fuel cell power systems in the maritime industry are reviewed and the challenges with regard to power capacity, safety, reliability, durability, operability and costs are analyzed. Currently, power capacity, costs and lifetime of the fuel cell stack are the primary barriers. Coupling with batteries, modularization, mass production and optimized operating and control strategies are all important pathways to improve the performance of fuel cell power systems.

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“…Furthermore, fuel flexibility is another major effect of shipping. Also, the assessment of fuel cell types for commercial shipping was investigated in a previous study (Inal and Deniz, 2020).…”

Section: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (Mcfc) and System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the need for pure hydrogen as a fuel is very hard to handle for ships. Also, limited power output is a disadvantage for being the propulsion power generator for cargo ships (Inal and Deniz, 2020). For this reason, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) gain importance with their fuel flexibility and higher power capacity (van Biert, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Analysis of LNG Fuelled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell System for a Chemical Tanker Ship: A Case Study

Inal

Deniz

2021

Marine Science and Technology Bulletin

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Since sea transportation is one of the sources of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, so restrictive regulations are entering into force by the International Maritime Organisation to cope with the ship sourced emissions. Alternative energy generating systems are one of the key concepts and fuel cells can be one of the solutions for the future of the shipping industry by their fewer hazardous emissions compared to diesel engines. In this perspective, a Liquefied Natural Gas using molten carbonate fuel cell is evaluated instead of a conventional marine diesel engine for a chemical tanker ship. As a case study, the real navigation data for a tanker is gathered from the shipping company for the 27 voyages in 2018. Emissions are calculated respecting fuel types (marine diesel oil and heavy fuel oil) and designated Emission Control Areas for both diesel engine and fuel cell systems. The results show that more than 99% reduction in SOx, PM, and NOx emissions and a 33% reduction in CO2 emissions can be reached by the fuel cell system. At last, fuel cells seem very promising technologies especially for limited powered vessels under 5 MW for propulsion to use as main engines by complying with current and new coming emission limitations on the way of emission free shipping.

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Assessment of fuel cell types for ships: Based on multi-criteria decision analysis

Cited by 124 publications

References 39 publications

A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios

A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios

Fuel Cell Power Systems for Maritime Applications: Progress and Perspectives

Emission Analysis of LNG Fuelled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell System for a Chemical Tanker Ship: A Case Study

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