Assessment of frequent litter amendment application on ammonia emission from broilers operations

Li, Hong; Lin, Chongyang; Collier, Stephen; Brown, W. Duane; White-Hansen, Susan

doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.762814

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On average, a single application of PLT decreased pH by 0.76 units, while repeat application of PLT decreased litter pH by 1.13 units, relative to no PLT. This trend was also observed in two field studies where reapplied PLT resulted in a decrease in litter pH (Li et al, 2013). Litter pH influences NH 3 concentrations in poultry facilities, and as the pH increases to >7, more NH 3 is released as a gas (Burgess et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Based on the Jones–Hamilton recommendation for broiler litter over 1 yr old, initial surface PLT application was 3.83 g equivalent to a rate of 48.8 kg 100‐m −2 (Jones–Hamilton, 2010). The PLT reapplications were applied to Treatments 2 and 5 every 5 d in the amount of 1.92 g based on a rate of 24.4 kg 100‐m −2 recommended from previous field studies (Li et al, 2013; Shah et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of moisture, the control house received a low recommended industry rate of 24.4 kg 100‐m −2 PLT on the brood end 24 h before flock arrival (Li et al, 2013). The PLT reapplication house had the same initial application of 24.4 kg 100‐m −2 on the brood end 24 h before chick arrival and two additional whole‐house reapplications of 24.4 kg 100‐m −2 at weeks 3 and 5 of the birds’ growth cycle using an overhead auger and spinner reapplication system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poultry litter treatment (PLT, sodium bisulfate; Jones–Hamilton Co.) is a common litter acidifying pretreatment currently used once before flock arrival on the brood end of the house at varying rates dependent on house environment (Blake and Hess, 1997; Jones–Hamilton, 2010; Li et al, 2013). The PLT reacts with NH 3 to form ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and hold N in the nonvolatile form (Blake and Hess, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiple Applications of Sodium Bisulfate to Broiler Litter Affect Ammonia Release and Litter Properties

et al. 2015

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Ammonia (NH) emissions from animal manures can cause air and water quality problems. Poultry litter treatment (PLT, sodium bisulfate; Jones-Hamilton Co.) is an acidic amendment that is applied to litter in poultry houses to decrease NH emissions, but currently it can only be applied once before birds are placed in the houses. This project analyzed the effect of multiple PLT applications on litter properties and NH release. Volatility chambers were used to compare multiple, single, and no application of PLT to poultry litter, all with and without fresh manure applications. A field component consisted of two commercial broiler houses: one had a single, preflock PLT application, while the other received PLT reapplications during the flock using an overhead application system. In the volatility chambers, single and reapplied PLT caused greater litter moisture and lower litter pH and , relative to no PLT. After 14 d, NH released from litter treated with reapplied PLT was significantly less than litter with both single and no applications. Furthermore, total N in litter was greatest in litter treated with reapplied PLT, increasing its fertilizer value. In the commercial poultry houses, PLT reapplication led to a temporary decrease in litter pH and , but these effects did not last because of continued bird excretion. Although one preflock PLT application is currently used as a successful strategy to control NH during early flock growth, repeat PLT application using the overhead reapplication system was not successful because of problems with the reapplication system and litter moisture concerns.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Applications of Sodium Bisulfate to Broiler Litter Affect Ammonia Release and Litter Properties

et al. 2015

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“…The granular litter additive PLT (sodium bisulfate, Na-HSO 4 ) was chosen for this study because it is a cost-effective and safe (to animal) litter acidifier (Knueven, 1999;Li et al, 2013). When PLT is applied, it breaks down into sodium, hydrogen, and sulfate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Ammonia and PM Generation of Cage-Free Henhouse Litter with Solid Additive and Liquid Spray

Chai¹,

Xin²,

Zhao³

et al. 2018

Transactions of the ASABE

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A number of chain restaurants, retailers, and grocers in the U.S. have pledged to source only cage-free (CF) eggs in the foreseeable future (e.g., by 2025) due to marketing reasons or concerns over animal welfare. However, CF housing has some inherent challenges, and a predominant one is poor air quality, i.e., ammonia gas (NH3) and particulate matter (PM), and increased emissions. Spraying a liquid agent such as electrolyzed water (EW) can effectively suppress PM generation of CF henhouse litter. However, liquid spray can enhance NH3 generation because it increases the litter moisture content (LMC). Application of acidic liquid to the litter would help control NH3 while suppressing PM, but con-cerns arise about the potential corrosive effect of acidic liquid on housing equipment. To overcome this dilemma, this study evaluated the effect of applying PLT, a commercial poultry litter additive (LA), on NH3 emissions of CF hen litter while spraying it with neutral EW (NEW) at a rate of 25 mL kg-1 dry litter d-1. The PLT application rates were 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg m-2, denoted as Low-LA, Med-LA, and High-LA, respectively. CF litter was placed inside dynamic emission chambers and automatically stirred to mimic hen scratching. PLT was topically applied onto the litter on day 1; NEW was sprayed daily for 11 d, followed by a 3 d non-spray period (i.e., 14 d per trial); and each regimen was replicated four times. The ammonia emission rate (ER) of the control (no LA), Low-LA, Med-LA, and High-LA regimens (mean SE) was, respectively, 0.76 0.05, 0.55 0.06, 0.37 0.04, and 0.16 0.02 g kg-1 dry litter d-1, i.e., 28% to 79% reduction by the treatments. The NH3 reduction efficiency was linearly proportional to the PLT application rate, with higher application rate resulting in lower litter pH (p < 0.05). At the end of each trial (d14), the Med-LA and High-LA regimens still showed relatively low NH3 emissions, suggesting the need for a longer measurement period in future studies. The NEW spray increased LMC by up to 60% after 11 once-a-day sprays, which reduced PM2.5, PM10, and TSP levels from 3.83, 6.39, and 7 mg m-3 to 0.07, 0.14, and 0.15 mg m-3, respectively. After a 3 d spray suspension, the PM levels rebounded to 0.72, 1.02, and 1.12 mg m-3 for PM2.5, PM10, and TSP, respectively, due to decreased LMC. Field verification of the mitigation efficacy and an economic assessment of the method are warranted.

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Reused poultry litter microbiome with competitive exclusion potential against Salmonella Heidelberg

et al. 2020

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The success of poultry litter reuse in U.S. poultry production can be attributed to the efficient treatment methods used by producers during downtimes (the time lapse between consecutive flocks, during which the broiler house is empty). During this period, reused litter may be decaked, tilled/windrowed, or treated with acid-based amendments to reduce ammonia and bacteria levels. Competitive exclusion, pH, and temperature are proposed factors that influence the level of pathogens and the overall litter microbiome during downtimes. We previously reported on the bacterial genetic factors associated with the fitness of two strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) incubated for 14 d in reused litter. Here, we investigated the physicochemical parameters and the microbiome of the litter correlating with SH abundance during this period. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to determine the litter microbiome and whole genome sequencing to characterize bacteria with competitive exclusion potential against SH. The β diversity of the litter microbiome was significantly affected by the duration of incubation, microcosm, and microcosm plus Heidelberg strain combinations. In addition, β diversity was significantly affected by litter parameters, including NH 4 , pH, moisture, water activity, and aluminum. The major phyla observed in the reused litter throughout the 14-d incubation experiment were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, although their abundance differed by microcosm and time. Amplicon-specific variants homologous to the members of the genera Nocardiopsis and Lentibacillus and the family Bacillaceae_2 were found to significantly correlate with the abundance of Salmonella. A consortium of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from the litter microcosms reduced the growth of SH in vitro.

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Assessment of frequent litter amendment application on ammonia emission from broilers operations

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Multiple Applications of Sodium Bisulfate to Broiler Litter Affect Ammonia Release and Litter Properties

Multiple Applications of Sodium Bisulfate to Broiler Litter Affect Ammonia Release and Litter Properties

Mitigating Ammonia and PM Generation of Cage-Free Henhouse Litter with Solid Additive and Liquid Spray

Reused poultry litter microbiome with competitive exclusion potential against Salmonella Heidelberg

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