Assessment of flow-mediated dilation reproducibility

Ghiadoni, Lorenzo; Faita, Francesco; Salvetti, Massimo; Cordiano, C; A, Biggi; Puato, Massimo; Monaco, Antonio Di; Siati, Luca De; Volpe, Massimo; Ambrosio, Giuseppe; Gemignani, V.; Muiesan, María Lorenza; Taddei, Stefano; Lanza, Gaetano Antonio; Cosentino, Francesco

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328353f222

Cited by 134 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…These studies were strictly standardized according to a protocol developed at the coordinating center of a national (Italian) working group of vascular function testing. 14 Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilation was assessed in the right brachial artery by a Toshiba Nemio XG machine applying a 7.5 to 10 MHz transducer. After baseline recording (1 minute), a standard BP sphygmomanometer was placed on the right forearm 2 cm below the elbow and the cuff was inflated to 250 mm Hg, and this pressure was maintained for 5 minutes.…”

Section: Vascular Function Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paricalcitol and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Trial

et al. 2014

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Abstract-Altered vitamin D metabolism and low levels of the active form of this vitamin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is still no randomized controlled trial testing the effect of active forms of vitamin D on vascular function in patients with CKD. Paricalcitol and ENdothelial fuNction in chronic kidneY disease (PENNY) is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01680198) testing the effect of an active form of vitamin D, paricalcitol (2 μg/d×12 weeks) on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in 88 patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD and parathormone >65 pg/mL (paricalcitol, n=44; placebo, n=44). Paricalcitol treatment reduced parathormone (−75 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval, -90 to -60), whereas parathormone showed a small rise during placebo (21 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval, 5-36). Blood pressure did not change in both study arms. Baseline flow-mediated dilation was identical in patients on paricalcitol (3.6±2.9%) and placebo (3.6±2.9%) groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, flow-mediated dilation rose in the paricalcitol but not in the placebo group, and the betweengroup difference in flow-mediated dilation changes (the primary end point, 1.8%; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-3.1%) was significant (P=0.016), and the mean proportional change in flow-mediated dilation was 61% higher in paricalcitoltreated patients than in placebo-treated patients. Such an effect was abolished 2 weeks after stopping the treatment.

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Section: Vascular Function Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paricalcitol and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Trial

et al. 2014

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“…Following cuff release, peak blood velocity, blood flow, and shear rate were all significantly higher than baseline or occlusion phases in both arteries (P<0.05). Similar to measurement of reactive hyperemia in humans 16 , intersession coefficient of variation for brachial and superficial femoral reactive hyperemia were 24±9 and 19±5%, respectively. There were differences in blood velocity, blood flow, and shear rate between arteries, owing in large part to the difference in artery diameter.…”

Section: Table 1 Cardiovascular Variables Through Each Phase Of the supporting

confidence: 60%

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Machin

Leary

et al. 2016

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Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Also, vascular ultrasound was performed by welltrained sonographers according to current guidelines (27). FMD was assessed by a single, blinded, independent, and experienced technician with computer-assisted analysis, using edge detection and wall-tracking software, which has been demonstrated to be very reproducible (37). The CV in FMD at baseline was comparable with those reported in other FMD studies (i.e., w0.5) (37, 38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%