Assessment of flow cytometry for microbial water quality monitoring in cooling tower water and oxidizing biocide treatment efficiency

Helmi, Karim; David, Fabienne; Martino, Patrick Di; Jaffrezic, Marie-Pierre; Ingrand, Valérie

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2018.06.009

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Controlled dosing of NaClO resulted in an immediate (< 15 min) and steep reduction (~ 96%) in observed event counts (< 4 × 10 4 cells/mL) in KC WCT basin samples. This finding is similar to prior FCM findings from NaClO dosing on cooling tower populations 13 and suggests that the planktonic populations in these DCPs are not resistant to treatment. This raised the question as to whether the applied dose of biocide at site was in fact reaching the target concentration of 1 ppm FAC.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, the limited frequency (once per 4 weeks) and numerical resolution of CFU-based monitoring at site failed to detect the dynamics in microbial load that we observed following biocide or deep cleaning treatments. These examples add to increasing body of prior work 13,20,21 in further demonstrating the shortfalls in culture-based methods for monitoring biofouling and relative merits of culture-independent FCM methodologies. The application of FCM and analysis of the resulting data is becoming www.nature.com/scientificreports/ progressively more user-friendly and powerful, especially with the advent of cFCM.…”

Section: Deep Cleaning Operations Of Wct Basins Can Be Negated By Thementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Previous work applying FCM for biocide treatment in industrial settings has well demonstrated the advantages of FCM 13 , 22 , 23 . Such work has shown the efficacy of biocides on planktonic populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our findings demonstrate, seemingly for the first time, that cFCM can be readily applied for batch analysis of large (1244 samples) cytometric datasets from environmental samples (to our knowledge, cFCM has previously been limited to relatively clean samples from medical research 17 ) and can rapidly provide information-rich results for industrial microbiological-control programs. Previous work applying FCM for biocide treatment in industrial settings has well demonstrated the advantages of FCM 13,22,23 . Such work has shown the efficacy of biocides on planktonic populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Flow cytometry (FCM) is a culture-independent method and an ideal means to quantify planktonic populations of microbes 10 . Indeed, FCM has been successfully applied to microbial monitoring programs in a variety of industrial settings, including wastewater treatment plants, drinking water plants and cooling towers [12][13][14][15] . The utility of FCM stems from its high-throughput capacity to directly measure microbial populations present in the water, and ability to provide information (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational flow cytometry of planktonic populations for the evaluation of microbiological-control programs in district cooling plants

McElhinney

Mawart

Alkaabi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Biofouling poses a serious concern for the district cooling (Dc) industry. current industry practises for monitoring biofouling continue to rely on culture-based methods for microbial enumeration, which are ultimately flawed. Computational flow cytometric (cFCM) analyses, which offer enhanced reproducibility and streamlined analytics versus conventional flow cytometry were applied to samples taken from 3 sites in each of 3 plants over a 5-week sampling program. We asked whether the application of cfcM to monitoring planktonic community dynamics in Dc plants could be able to provide sufficient information to enhance microbiological-control strategies at site and inform about plant performance impacts. the use of cfcM enabled the evaluation of biocide dosing, deep cleaning treatment efficiencies and routes of microbial ingress into the studied systems. Additionally, inherent risks arising from the reintroduction of microbiological communities into recently cleaned Wct basins from contaminated cooling waters were identified. However, short-term dynamics did not relate with plant performance metrics. In summary, the insights offered by this approach can inform on plant status, enable evaluations of microbial loads during biofouling mitigation programs and, ultimately, enhance industry management of the biofouling process. Hot urban climates requires extensive cooling to provide habitable indoor environments and high demand in electricity and water use. Centralized production and distribution of cooling waters from district cooling plants (DCPs) is the preferred means of providing cooling waters for industrial, commercial and residential use as it is generally more economical than conventional on-site air-based cooling. The current annual energy demand for cooling accounts for 10% of global electricity use and is expected to triple by 2050, largely due to population expansions in developing hot-climate countries, including the Middle East 1. Accordingly, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has seen a rapid expansion in district cooling facilities to meet airconditioning requirements which are the largest such requirements in the world (in excess of 25,000,000 refrigeration tons (RT) 2). Indeed, the peak consumption in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is second only to Saudi Arabia in the GCC with the majority of electricity loads (~ 70%) being required for cooling 3. Furthermore, peak cooling demands are forecast to reach 100 M RT in the GCC region by 2030 4. Given the continued expansion of the global population, climate change and lack of alternatives for cooling in high-density urban areas, we can expect a continued reliance on DCPs for the foreseeable future. It is therefore essential that these cooling facilities are operating as efficiently and sustainably as possible in order to meet the demand for cooling, whilst mitigating environmental impacts. District cooling systems are composed of four principle components: a make-up water (MUW) supply line, a centralized Cooling Plant, a chilled water supply network and th...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Deep Cleaning Operations Of Wct Basins Can Be Negated By Thementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational flow cytometry of planktonic populations for the evaluation of microbiological-control programs in district cooling plants

McElhinney

Mawart

Alkaabi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Estimation of Microbial Viability Using Flow Cytometry

Davey

Guyot

2020

CP Cytometry

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For microorganisms in particular, viability is a term that is difficult to define and a state consequently difficult to measure. The traditional (and gold standard) usage equates viability and culturability (i.e., the ability to multiply) but the process of determining culturability is often too slow. Flow cytometry provides the opportunity to make rapid and quantitative measurements of dye uptake in large numbers of cells and we can therefore exploit the flow cytometric approach to evaluate so-called viability stains and to develop protocols for more routine assessments of microbial viability. This article provides a commentary and several protocols have been included to ensure that users have a firm basis for attempting these reasonably difficult assays on traditional flow cytometer instruments. What is clear is that each assay must be carefully validated with the particular microorganism of interest before being applied in any research, clinical, or service form.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Nanomaterials: From Selection to Application

Bueno¹

2020

Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences

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The correct application of nanotechnology for the treatment and control of antimicrobial resistance requires the implementation of translational science protocols capable of selecting the most active products with the lowest toxicity and that can be applied in the different areas where they may be needed. In this order of ideas, the selection of a reproducible antimicrobial platform that can be scalable, robust, and automatable becomes a necessity to be solved by nanotechnology researchers. Thus, the design and development of nanomaterials should be together with the implementation of evaluation and toxicity protocols in order to determine the promising nanoproducts to be used in the different innovations. For this reason, the objective of this chapter is to analyze the elements to be considered in the selection, implementation, and standardization of the necessary platforms to translate

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Assessment of flow cytometry for microbial water quality monitoring in cooling tower water and oxidizing biocide treatment efficiency

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Computational flow cytometry of planktonic populations for the evaluation of microbiological-control programs in district cooling plants

Computational flow cytometry of planktonic populations for the evaluation of microbiological-control programs in district cooling plants

Estimation of Microbial Viability Using Flow Cytometry

Antimicrobial Activity of Nanomaterials: From Selection to Application

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