Assessment of fire behaviour of polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation foam enhanced with lamellar inorganic smart fillers

Fire Retardant Action of Layered Double Hydroxides and Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposites Fillers in Polyisocyanurate Foams

“…The use of fillers in PIR foams can reinforce the polymer matrices in terms of energy performance, mechanical and thermal stability, smoke suppression and fire-retardant properties [2,3,4,5]. To improve the fire-retardant performance of polymer insulation-related flame retardants, there is a tendency to substitute the commonly used halogenated flame retardants with more eco-friendly "greener" ones.…”

Effect of layered double hydroxide, expanded graphite and ammonium polyphosphate additives on thermal stability and fire performance of polyisocyanurate insulation foam

“…The thermal stability of PIR is demonstrated by the fact that they dissociate at higher temperatures at the range of 350 °C as opposed to 200 °C observed for urethanes [7]. Therefore, understanding how the use of reactive or additive flame retardants can modify, reduce, delay or even stop their combustion [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] is attracting considerable scientific interest.…”

“…Despite their effectiveness, LDHs up to now have not met commercial success due to the inherent difficulty to uniformly disperse and distribution in polymers, [4]. Whilst so far, most studies [4,5,8] were concerned with fire retardancy effects of LDHs on PUF, recent studies [9][10][11] investigated the effect of lamellar inorganic [9] and organic LDHs [11] on flame retardancy of PIR. It has been demonstrated that lamellar inorganic LDHs [9] enhanced the fire retardancy of PIR as initial degradation temperature was increased, degradation was decelerated, and significant char formation was observed.…”

“…The synergistic effect of LDHs and other flame retardants, such as EG or Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), were further investigated [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and recent evidence revealed that the fire behavior of PIR [10,18] and PUR [19,20] foams can be substantially improved. This was attributed to the fact that, EG is a graphite intercalation compound with a special layered structure, which is found to expand when exposed to heat forming a huge insulation layer that can further enhance PIR fire resistance [11,21].…”

“…Despite previous extensive research on the flammability of PIR and PUR foams [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][18][19][20][21][22][23], few researchers [11,18] have investigated the interaction of LDHs with nanometric particles and phosphorous based materials in PIR foams and how they affect their flame retardancy. Therefore, this work aims to extend existing work on polymer flammability [4][5][6][7]9] and specifically, experimentally investigate the thermal stability and fire behavior of PIR foams containing a range of lamellar inorganic smart fillers, namely LDHs, EG and APP.…”