Assessment of exposure to traffic pollution using the ExTra index: study of validation

Reungoat, P.; Chiron, Mireille; Gauvin, Stéphanie; Moullec, Yvon Le; Momas, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00018-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The OSPM model, therefore, used an arbitrary intensity of 100 v/ h. The sensitivity analysis carried out during the ExTra index study of validation (Reungoat et al, 2003) attested the stability of the ExTra estimates with various thresholds of weak traffic (50, 150, 200 and 250 v/h). In addition, nychthemeral variations in traffic flows were taken into account.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), or to loss of memory regarding the topographic configuration corresponding to a former place of residence or schooling, we used cadastral maps. Building heights were estimated by the number of floors, with no measurement being taken due to the fact that the ExTra index validation study (Reungoat et al, 2003) has shown that the age of the building together with the number of floors is sufficient to estimate building height. Even in the case of an individual mistakenly reporting the number of floors, it is unlikely that they would be wrong by more than one or two floors, in which case this would not significantly affect the ExTra index, as shown in our previous sensitivity analyses.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ExTra index, produced by the French Scientific Center for Building Physics assessed the lifelong average TAP concentrations children included in the study were exposed to, in front of their living places. It has been previously evaluated by our team (Reungoat et al, 2003) by carrying out measurements in four French cities. We compared nitrogen oxide concentrations (NO x ) measured over 6 weeks with passive samplers, and NO x calculated concentrations using the ExTra index, at 100 street canyons sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective assessment of exposure to traffic air pollution using the ExTra index in the VESTA French epidemiological study

Reungoat

Chiron²,

Gauvin³

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This study applies a traffic exhaust air dispersion model (the ExTra index) to 403 children enrolled in a French multicentric case-control study, the VESTA study (Five [V] Epidemiological Studies on Transport and Asthma). The ExTra index (previously validated by our team) was used to assess lifelong average traffic-related air pollutant (TAP) concentrations (nitrogen oxides) children in the study were exposed to in front of their living places. ExTra index took into account traffic density, topographical parameters (building height, road and pavement width), weather conditions (wind direction and strength) and background pollution levels. Topographical and traffic data were collected, using a specific questionnaire for each home, school or nursery address, attended by children. The assessment of time-weighted NO x levels in front of the children's living places highlighted significant disparities: mean ExTra index values and share attributable to proximity traffic were, respectively, 70742 and 14722 mg/m 3 NO x equivalent NO 2 for the 403 children in our study. Not only would this diversity not have been revealed using urban background pollution data provided by air quality networks, it would have resulted in 40% of the children being misclassified with regard to their TAP exposure by underestimating it in half of the cases and overestimating it in the other half. Such errors of classification, which are highly prejudicial in epidemiology, argue strongly for the use of an index such as the ExTra, which enables TAP exposure to be reconstructed within the framework of retrospective or prospective epidemiological studies.

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Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective assessment of exposure to traffic air pollution using the ExTra index in the VESTA French epidemiological study

Reungoat

Chiron²,

Gauvin³

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The cumulated exposure to outdoor air pollutants is not only assessed by ecological measurements but also by an individual index: ExTra previously validated in four French cities, including Paris [28]. These quantitative values allow to test the dose-response relationship.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambient concentrations of the main outdoor pollutants are provided by the Paris Air Quality Monitoring Network (AirParif) and diary pollen counts by the National Aerobiological Monitoring Network; the nearest background monitor to the dwelling, day care/school is used. Exposure to traffic-related pollution is determined by an air pollutant dispersion model: the ExTra index [28]. This index produced by the French Scientific Centre for Building Physics and the French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research estimates ambient concentrations of transport-related pollutants in front of the living and day-care places of urban dwellers.…”

Section: Environmental and Behavioural Factor Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paris prospective birth cohort study: Which design and who participates?

et al. 2007

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The Paris prospective birth cohort study was implemented in 2003 to assess environmental/behavioural factors associated with respiratory and allergic disorder occurrence in early childhood. This paper describes the design and sociodemographic features of eligible/enrolled families. Full-term newborns without any medical problem at birth were recruited in five Paris maternity hospitals. They resided in the Paris area and had French speaking mothers. Sample size is at least 3500 infants, and children are followed-up until their sixth birthday. Data collection is based on regular medical and environmental self-administered questionnaires to parents. Information on dwellings is gathered by means of phone questionnaires, and standardized medical examinations are carried out at 18 months and 6 years. Exposure to traffic-related pollution is modelled. At inclusion, some information concerning refusals is gathered in order to describe sociodemographic features of participating families as compared with eligible children. 4115 (63%) out of the 6493 eligible infants are now participating in this study. Participation rate is higher in parents with a high SES (socioeconomic status), for French and European parents, and for > or =25-year-old mothers, but decreases with sibship size. Similar determinants are associated with the distribution of reasons for non-participation. The participation rate in the Paris study is comparable with other similar studies. Finally, giving detailed explanation of the study aims at inclusion, establishing regular mailed and phoned contacts with families, offering free complete medical examinations for the participant child and re-sent missing questionnaires are very important to improve participation at inclusion and during follow-up.

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Assessment of schoolchildren's exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the French Six Cities Study using a dispersion model

Pénard-Morand

Schillinger²,

Armengaud³

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

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Assessment of exposure to traffic pollution using the ExTra index: study of validation

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Retrospective assessment of exposure to traffic air pollution using the ExTra index in the VESTA French epidemiological study

Retrospective assessment of exposure to traffic air pollution using the ExTra index in the VESTA French epidemiological study

The Paris prospective birth cohort study: Which design and who participates?

Assessment of schoolchildren's exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the French Six Cities Study using a dispersion model

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