Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments

Fenske, Richard A.; Day, Edgar W.

doi:10.1002/0470012218.ch1

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Even though we expected significant correlations among time spent with dogs, transferable TCVP residues, and urinary TCMA concentrations, there were no such correlations present at the 0.05 level of significance. Although disappointing, the lack of significant correlations is consistent with other studies utilizing passive dosimeters and biomonitoring of urinary metabolites (Honeycutt et al, 2000;Geer et al, 2004;Fenske and Day, 2005). Pretreatment values for TCVP on gloves or tee shirts and for TCMA in urine were essentially zero, reflecting the very limited usages of TCVP, and, therefore, little widespread environmental contamination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Assessing intermittent pesticide exposure from flea control collars containing the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos

Davis

Boone

Moran

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Fleas are a persistent problem for pets that require implementation of control measures. Consequently, pesticide use by homeowners for flea control is common and may increase pesticide exposure for adults and children. Fifty-five pet dogs (23 in study 1; 22 in study 2) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP). During study 1, fur of treated dogs was monitored for transferable TCVP residues using cotton gloves to pet the dogs during 5-min rubbings post-collar application. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was also measured in treated dogs. Average amounts of TCVP transferred from the fur of the neck (rubbing over the collar) and from the back to gloves at 3 days post-collar application were 23,700 ± 2100 and 260 ± 50 mg/glove, respectively. No inhibition of plasma ChE was observed. During study 2, transferable TCVP residues to cotton gloves were monitored during 5-min rubbings post-collar application. Transferable residues were also monitored on cotton tee shirts worn by children and in the first morning urine samples obtained from adults and children. Average amounts of TCVP transferred to gloves at 5 days post-collar application from the neck (over the collar) and from the back were 22,400 ± 2900 and 80 ± 20 mg/glove, respectively. Tee shirts worn by children on days 7-11 contained 1.8 ± 0.8 mg TCVP/g shirt. No significant differences were observed between adults and children in urinary 2,4,5-trichloromandelic acid (TCMA) levels; however, all TCMA residues (adults and children) were significantly greater than pretreatment concentrations (a ¼ 0.05). The lack of ChE inhibition in dogs and the low acute toxicity level of TCVP (rat oral LD 50 of 4-5 g/kg) strongly suggest that TCVP is rapidly detoxified and excreted and therefore poses a very low toxicological risk, despite these high residues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Assessing intermittent pesticide exposure from flea control collars containing the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos

Davis

Boone

Moran

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The population of pesticide applicators in our cohort reported a significant burden of disease related to their occupational exposure to pesticides, as has been described previously 21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Pesticide exposure and health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina

et al. 2015

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Agricultural workers represent a population that is highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. This cross sectional study aimed to describe the health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina, their work practices and socio-demographic characteristics, by means of a standardized self-administered questionnaire (n = 880). A descriptive analysis reported a high prevalence of occasional or frequent symptoms: 47.4% had symptoms of irritation, 35.5% fatigue, 40.4% headache and 27.6% nervousness or depression. Using logistic regression models, risk and protective factors were found for symptoms of irritation, medical consultation and hospitalization. Among the occupational exposure variables, marital status, length of time in the job, low level of protection with regard to the use of personal protective equipment, combined use of different pesticides and the application of the insecticide endosulfan, were associated with a higher frequency of reported symptoms and higher consultation rates and hospitalization.

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“…As expected, transferable residues are greater in and around the treated area and decrease in areas more distant from the treated area because of the time required for distribution of CP. The lack of correlation between glove residues and urinary TCPy was disappointing, but not inconsistent with the lack of correlation between residues on passive dosimeters and biomonitoring of urinary metabolites in many occupational exposure studies (Honeycutt et al, 2000;Geer et al, 2004;Fenske and Day, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos

Chambers

Boone

Davis

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Children can be exposed to pesticides from numerous residential sources such as carpet, house dust, toys and clothing from treated homes, and flea control remedies on pets. In the present studies, 48 pet dogs (24 in each of two studies) of different breeds and weights were treated with over-the-counter flea collars containing chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus insecticide. Transferable insecticide residues were quantified on cotton gloves used to rub the dogs for 5 min and on cotton tee shirts worn by a child (Study 2 only). First morning urine samples were also obtained from adults and children in both studies for metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) quantification. Blood samples were obtained from treated dogs in Study 1 and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was monitored. Transferable residues on gloves for all compounds were highest near the neck of the dogs and were lowest in areas most distant from the neck. Rubbing samples (over the collar) at two weeks post-collar application contained 447757 mg CP/glove while samples from the fur of the back contained 872 mg CP/glove. In Study 2, cotton tee shirts worn by children at 15 days post-collar application for 4 h showed CP levels of 134766 ng/g shirt. There were significant differences between adults and children in the levels of urinary metabolites with children generally having higher urinary levels of metabolites than adults (grand mean7SE; 11.671.1 and 7.970.74 ng/mg creatinine for children and adults, respectively, compared to 9.470.8 and 6.970.5 ng/mg creatinine before collar placement). Therefore, there was little evidence that the use of this flea collar contributed to enhanced CP exposure of either children or adults.

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Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments

Cited by 40 publications

References 75 publications

Assessing intermittent pesticide exposure from flea control collars containing the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos

Assessing intermittent pesticide exposure from flea control collars containing the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos

Pesticide exposure and health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina

Assessing transferable residues from intermittent exposure to flea control collars containing the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos

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