Assessment of exogenous application of plant growth regulators on Cress seed germination and ?-Galactosidase activity

Abstract

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were involved in several types of abiotic stress responses by means of improving seed germination and modifying the growth and development of medicinally important Lepidium sativum via alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present research was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenous application of PGRson seed germination, protein content and β-galactosidase activity of L. sativum. Germination of L. sativum seeds was monitored for a short interval after the start of incubation until growth became 100%. While cytokinin treatment showed a positive effect on seed germination more than Gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA) produced a higher negative effect than auxins. Quantifying changes in total protein content during seed germination as influenced by PGRs revealed that all PGRs have to exert a positive effect arranged in the following order: SA ˃ auxin ˃ cytokinin ˃ GA. Parallel to changes in germination percentage and total protein content of seed, a negative effect was attainedon β-galactosidase specific activity in response to PGRs with the following arrangement: SA ˃ auxin ˃ cytokinin ˃ GA.In conclusion, the present study proposed the potential importance of the type and magnitude of exogenously applied PGRs during the germination of easily or even more difficult-to-germinate seeds.

Endogenous Hormones in Habanero Pepper Seeds

“…The identification of gibberellins A 1 , A 4 , A 7 , A 9 , A 15 , A 17 and A 44 in habanero pepper seeds (Table 1, Fig 3) may contribute to enrich the possible role of these hormones in seed germination. The presence frequency (Table 2) and amount (Table 3) of gibberellins A 1 , A 4 and A 7 during the seed imbibition time may reflect the importance of these hormones in the process of seed germination as has been proposed by several authors [3,13,14,15]. It is well established that when exogenous GA 4 and GA 7 are applied, both hormones promote seed germination in tomato, pepper and several other crops [3,6,16].…”

“…GA 1 has also been reported as seed germination promoter in various horticultural species [16,7]. These three hormones move throughout different plant organs whereas GAs A 9 , A 15 , A 17 and A 44 are classified as biological inactive hormones [3,8,13,14,15]. On the basis of results obtained in this research and previous data [14,17], it is possible to speculate as to which degree gibberellins may be involved in the germination process of habanero seeds.…”

Identificación de auxinas, giberelinas y citocininas en frutos de frambuesa (Rubus idaeus)

“…La identificación de las giberelinas A 4 , A 7 , A 44 y A 53 en los frutos de frambuesa (Tabla 1) puede contribuir a enriquecer el conocimiento de estas hormonas en su crecimiento y desarrollo. La presencia de giberelinas A4 y A7 en el fruto podría reflejar la importancia de estas hormonas en el proceso de crecimiento como lo señalan varios autores (Alghonmeen et al 2020, Tombegavani et al 2020. Está bien establecido que cuando se aplican GA4 y GA7 exógenas ambas hormonas estimulan el crecimiento del fruto en tomate, pimiento y otros cultivos (Bakrim et al 2007y Ramírez et al 2016.…”

“…Está bien establecido que cuando se aplican GA4 y GA7 exógenas ambas hormonas estimulan el crecimiento del fruto en tomate, pimiento y otros cultivos (Bakrim et al 2007y Ramírez et al 2016. Las giberelinas A4 y A7 son hormonas endógenas que se desplazan por diferentes órganos de la planta; mientras que las giberelinas A44 y A53 se clasifican como hormonas biológicamente inactivas (Ramírez et al 2018, Alghonmeen et al 2020, Tombegavani et al 2020.…”

Identification of Gibberellins and Cytokinins in Saladette Tomato Seeds

“…It is well established that exogenous application of GA4 and GA7 promote seed germination in tomato and several other crops [6,11]. GA1 has also been reported as seed germination promotor [7,12,13]. These three hormones move through different plant organs whereas the rest of GAs founded are classified as biological inactive [14,15,16].…”