Assessment of Epidermal Barrier Function by Photoacoustic Spectrometry in Relation to Its Importance in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

Hata, Maki; Tokura, Y.; Takigawa, Masaharu; Sato, Makoto; Shioya, Yasushi; Fujikura, Yoshiaki; Imokawa, Genji

doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000036874.83540.2b

Cited by 52 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is interesting that these differences in ceramides and sphingoid bases usually correlated with epidermal barrier dysregulation were observed in nonlesional skin from subjects with unflared AD, given that an impaired epidermal barrier in AD is usually associated with active lesions or nonlesional skin adjacent to active lesions (47). Therefore, the sweat mediator lipidome appears to indicate a sustained biochemical dysregulation in subjects with AD and may provide an opportunity for preclinical diagnostics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research

Agrawal

Hassoun

Foolad

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research

Agrawal

Hassoun

Foolad

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…The defect of the barrier function in nonlesional skin of AD patients has been generally evidenced by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measured with an evaporimeter (which evaluates the evaporation rate of water through the skin) [6] . Also, using photoacoustic spectrometry, we demonstrated the signifi cantly enhanced penetration rate of chemicals in nonlesional skin of AD patients compared with healthy skin [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinically normal, noninfl ammatory, but dry and scaly nonlesional skin of AD patients seems to play a key role in the continued recurrence of the dermatitis because the cutaneous barrier function in nonlesional skin is generally impaired at a level similar to that in lesional skin [4,5] . Thus, AD is considered a barrier disease in which antigens and irritants that can easily penetrate nonlesional skin trigger and worsen the dermatitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recharacterization of the Nonlesional Dry Skin in Atopic Dermatitis through Disrupted Barrier Function

Matsuki¹,

Kiyokane²,

Matsuki

et al. 2004

Exog Dermatol

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Background: The etiology of the nonlesional dry and barrier-disrupted skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is still unclear. Objective: To determine whether disrupted barrier function in the nonlesional skin is associated with inflammatory or postinflammatory events, which are relevant to the severity of AD or local dry skin properties, respectively. Methods: We evaluated the barrier function and the water content of nonlesional forearm skin and compared these with the severity of AD and the intensity of dryness/scaling/itchiness at the same skin sites. Results: The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased in proportion to the severity of AD with a markedly high correlation coefficient (r = 0.834, p < 0.0001, n = 106), while the capacitance decreased in proportion to the severity of AD with a relatively lower correlation coefficient (r = –0.720, p < 0.0001, n = 106) compared with TEWL. Relationship between TEWL and capacitance values in association with the AD severity revealed that the two parameters are well distributed, corresponding to the severity of AD, and that the elevated TEWL more adequately reflects the difference between healthy control and the mild group of AD compared with the reduced capacitance. Comparison with dry skin properties revealed that while the capacitance values were highly correlated with dryness (r = –0.752, p < 0.0001, n = 106) and with scaling (r = –0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106), the TEWL was also related to dryness (r = 0.788, p < 0.0001, n = 106) with a higher correlation coefficient compared with capacitance and to scaling (r = 0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the barrier disruption in the nonlesional skin is well suited to reflect the severity of AD as well as the dry skin properties, providing a useful insight into understandings of diagnosis and clinical improvement during therapy.

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“…[7][8][9] Moreover, previous studies have reported that the long lamellar structure plays an important role in mediating the barrier function of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum. [21][22][23] In order to extrapolate the effects of l-menthol on barrier function, we focused on changes in the long lamellar structure. We analyzed the long lamellar structures and determined the integrated intensity, lamellar distance, and half-width at half maximum (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Interaction between Intercellular Lipids in the Stratum Corneum and <i>l</i>-Menthol, as Analyzed by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

Yoshida

Obata

Onuki

et al. 2017

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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l-Menthol increases drug partitioning on the surface of skin, diffusion of drugs in the skin, and lipid fluidity in the stratum corneum and alters the rigidly arranged lipid structure of intercellular lipids. However, l-menthol is a solid at room temperature, and it is difficult to determine the effects of l-menthol alone. In this study, we vaporized l-menthol in order to avoid the effects of solvents. The vaporized l-menthol was applied to the stratum corneum or lipid models comprising composed of ceramides (CER) [EOS], the longest lipid acyl chain of the ceramides in the stratum corneum lipids that is associated with the barrier function of the skin; CER [NS], the shorter lipid acyl chain of the ceramides, and the most components in the stratum corneum of the intercellular lipids that is associated with water retention in the intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum; cholesterol; and palmitic acid. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the lipid models were composed of hexagonal packing and orthorhombic packing structures of different lamellar periods. Taken together, our results revealed that l-menthol strongly affected the lipid model composed of CER [EOS]. Therefore, l-menthol facilitated the permeation of drugs through the skin by liquid crystallization of the longer lamellar structure. Importantly, these simple lipid models are useful for investigating microstructure of the intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum.Key words intercellular lipid; stratum corneum; synchrotron X-ray diffraction; lipid model; vaporized lmenthol The stratum corneum, as the outer skin layer, plays an important role in biological defense mechanisms, such as protection from bacteria and foreign matter intrusion and maintenance of moisture. The rigid arrangement of intercellular lipids, composed of ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL), free fatty acids (FFAs), and their derivatives, plays a major role in the barrier function of the tissue.1-3) Recent reports have shown that CER [EOS] is associated with the barrier function of the skin, while CER [NS] is related to water retention in the intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum. 4,5) CERs, CHOL, and FFAs, components of intercellular lipids, form the lipid bilayer, in which the hydrophobic groups face each other. 6)Small-angle X-ray diffraction has shown that there are two types of lamellar structures: a short lamellar structure with a repeat distance of about 6 nm, and a long lamellar structure with a repeat distance of about 13 nm.7-9) The observation of hydrocarbon chain packing by wide-angle X-ray diffraction has reveal hexagonal packing with a lattice distance of about 0.42 nm and orthorhombic packing with lattice distances of about 0.42 and 0.37 nm. [9][10][11] Although the majority of water is held in the stratum corneum of corneocytes, a portion of the water is taken into the intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum....

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Assessment of Epidermal Barrier Function by Photoacoustic Spectrometry in Relation to Its Importance in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research

Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research

Recharacterization of the Nonlesional Dry Skin in Atopic Dermatitis through Disrupted Barrier Function

Molecular Interaction between Intercellular Lipids in the Stratum Corneum and <i>l</i>-Menthol, as Analyzed by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

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