Assessment of environmental impacts and operational costs of the implementation of an innovative source-separated urine treatment

Igos, Elorri; Besson, Mathilde; Gutiérrez, Tomás Navarrete; Faria, Ana Barbara Bisinella de; Benetto, Enrico; Barna, Ligia; Ahmadi, Aras; Spérandio, Mathieu

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.016

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Membrane stripping or TMCS was first integrated with BES for the TAN recovery from the cathode and to recycle proton shuttles (NH 3 and CO 2 ) between anode and cathode liquid to enhance BES performance (Sleutels et al 2016b ; Kuntke et al 2016 ). Afterwards, TAN recovery in a scaled-up MEC (0.5 m 2 ) using TMCS was successfully demonstrated, showing the potential for an energy-efficient nutrient recovery system (Zamora et al 2017 ; Igos et al 2017 ). The integration of TMCS with an ES and especially in a hydrogen recycling electrochemical system (HRES) showed that TAN recovery can be achieved at higher rates and with comparable energy input to BES (Kuntke et al 2017 ; Rodríguez Arredondo et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Tan Recovery From Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

(Bio)electrochemical ammonia recovery: progress and perspectives

Kuntke¹,

Sleutels²,

Arredondo

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

143

103

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In recent years, (bio)electrochemical systems (B)ES have emerged as an energy efficient alternative for the recovery of TAN (total ammonia nitrogen, including ammonia and ammonium) from wastewater. In these systems, TAN is removed or concentrated from the wastewater under the influence of an electrical current and transported to the cathode. Subsequently, it can be removed or recovered through stripping, chemisorption, or forward osmosis. A crucial parameter that determines the energy required to recover TAN is the load ratio: the ratio between TAN loading and applied current. For electrochemical TAN recovery, an energy input is required, while in bioelectrochemical recovery, electric energy can be recovered together with TAN. Bioelectrochemical recovery relies on the microbial oxidation of COD for the production of electrons, which drives TAN transport. Here, the state-of-the-art of (bio)electrochemical TAN recovery is described, the performance of (B)ES for TAN recovery is analyzed, the potential of different wastewaters for BES-based TAN recovery is evaluated, the microorganisms found on bioanodes that treat wastewater high in TAN are reported, and the toxic effect of the typical conditions in such systems (e.g., high pH, TAN, and salt concentrations) are described. For future application, toxicity effects for electrochemically active bacteria need better understanding, and the technologies need to be demonstrated on larger scale.

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Section: Tan Recovery From Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

(Bio)electrochemical ammonia recovery: progress and perspectives

Kuntke¹,

Sleutels²,

Arredondo

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

143

103

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“…Using an adapted framework, including an influent generator, alternative scenarios can be assessed, showing that more benefit would be reached by recovering fertilizer and energy from undiluted streams. 111,119,120 Cost analysis models also deserve more attention. Whereas energy cost is generally well known, the market for new valuable products like struvite or polymer can be highly dependent of local situation and regulation, making the approach more speculative and uncertain for such products.…”

Section: The Need For Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, water reclamation remains the main driver in cost analysis. 120 Finally, recent papers describe the feasibility of coupling DM-LCA with multi-objective optimization (MOO). 112,122 The combined frameworks (DM-LCA-MOO) can be applied with three objectives: Effluent Quality Index (EQI), Operational Cost Index (OCI) and environmental impacts quantified through Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA).…”

Section: The Need For Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource recovery and wastewater treatment modelling

Solon

Volcke

Spérandio

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Many studies have attempted to find a method to take advantage of the richness of urine in regards to macro and micronutrients and transform it into natural fertilizers that can be used in agricultural production [4,[9][10][11]. However, the hormones and pharmaceuticals excreted with urine as micro-pollutants can bioaccumulate in plants and be transferred to the food chain, which causes high risks to human health [12][13][14]. Furthermore, urine can contain pathogenic organisms as disease-carriers that can multiply in the soil and contaminate the food web [12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytic Oxidation as a Sustainable Method to Transform Urine into Nutrients

et al. 2020

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In this work, the transformation of urine into nutrients using electrolytic oxidation in a single-compartment electrochemical cell in galvanostatic mode was investigated. The electrolytic oxidation was performed using thin film anode materials: boron-doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The transformation of urine into nutrients was confirmed by the release of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) ions during electrolytic treatment of synthetic urine aqueous solutions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) during electrolytic treatment confirmed the conversion of organic pollutants into biocompatible substances. Higher amounts of NO3− and NH4+ were released by electrolytic oxidation using BDD compared to DSA anodes. The removal of COD and TOC was faster using BDD anodes at different current densities. Active chlorine and chloramines were formed during electrolytic treatment, which is advantageous to deactivate any pathogenic microorganisms. Larger quantities of active chlorine and chloramines were measured with DSA anodes. The control of chlorine by-products to concentrations lower than the regulations require can be possible by lowering the current density to values smaller than 20 mA/cm2. Electrolytic oxidation using BDD or DSA thin film anodes seems to be a sustainable method capable of transforming urine into nutrients, removing organic pollution, and deactivating pathogens.

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Assessment of environmental impacts and operational costs of the implementation of an innovative source-separated urine treatment

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

(Bio)electrochemical ammonia recovery: progress and perspectives

(Bio)electrochemical ammonia recovery: progress and perspectives

Resource recovery and wastewater treatment modelling

Electrolytic Oxidation as a Sustainable Method to Transform Urine into Nutrients

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