Assessment of Environmental Degradation due to Processing of Cassava into Garri Flakes Using Pollution Indices

Nnaji, Chidozie Charles; Akanno, Chukwuebuka Chigozie

doi:10.1007/s40710-022-00594-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These effluents can cause a significant deterioration in the receiving water sources if discharges arrive without prior treatment. Consequently, the water bodies become unfit for other uses such as human consumption, fishing, and recreation [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fermentation Time, pH, and Their Interaction on the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Cassava Wastewater

Sanchez-Ledesma,

Rodríguez-Victoria,

Ramírez-Malule

2024

Water

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Acidogenic fermentation is a technology that involves halting methanogenesis in the conventional anaerobic digestion process to produce mainly volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs serve as direct precursors to energy-rich or higher value-added products upon undergoing additional processing. In this study, batch reactors were utilized to assess the individual and interaction effects of fermentation time and pH variables on VFA production from acidogenic fermentation of cassava wastewater through the establishment of a completely randomized design and a second-order response surface (rotatable central composite design), respectively. The maximum VFA production observed was 3444.04 mg of acetic acid (HAc)/L (0.58 gCODVFA/gCOD) in a fermentation time of 6 days, with acetic (48.5%), propionic (28.3%), and butyric (13.6%) acids identified as the main metabolites. Additionally, in the assessment of the effect of pH, the maximum VFA production reached 2547.72 mgHAc/L (0.34 gCODVFA/gCOD) at pH 5.9, and acetic acid was identified as the predominant organic acid. Statistically, the fermentation time and pH variables individually affect VFA production from cassava wastewater; however, the interaction between them generated a non-significant effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fermentation Time, pH, and Their Interaction on the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Cassava Wastewater

Sanchez-Ledesma,

Rodríguez-Victoria,

Ramírez-Malule

2024

Water

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“…Some of the wastes generated during the production and processing of cassava is cassava peels (CP) and cassava wastewater (CWW). About 35 million tons of combined CP and CWW are generated annually in Nigeria 2,3 . These wastes are usually disposed of inappropriately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 35 million tons of combined CP and CWW are generated annually in Nigeria. 2,3 These wastes are usually disposed of inappropriately. The environmental impact matrix of the indiscriminate dumping of these wastes has been reported by Nnaji and Akanno 3 to include an increase in the concentration of heavy metals like arsenic and chromium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 These wastes are usually disposed of inappropriately. The environmental impact matrix of the indiscriminate dumping of these wastes has been reported by Nnaji and Akanno 3 to include an increase in the concentration of heavy metals like arsenic and chromium. One way of mitigating the improper disposal of CP and CWW is by using these biomass for biofuel production.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Medium chain carboxylate production from cassava wastes pretreated by ensiling

Undiandeye

Kiman

Abubakar

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Every year, approximately 35 million tons of combined cassava peels (CP) and cassava wastewater (CWW) are generated from the processing of cassava in Nigeria. The improper disposal of these wastes has serious environmental consequences in the form of air and water pollution. Using these wastes for biofuel production is one way of mitigating the impact of the mass flows on the environment. However, being a lignocellulosic biomass, CP requires pretreatment before it can yield a reasonable amount of biofuel. In this study, ensiling was chosen as a method for the pretreatment of CP slurry (CPS), formed from the combination of CP and CWW, for the production of medium-chain carboxylates (MCCs), which have been reported to be more valuable than biogas and bioethanol. Calcined egg shells (CES) were added to some of the CPS before ensiling, to enhance the formation of butyric acid. The MCCs were produced through batch fermentation of the silage. The results show that ensiling degraded the hemicellulose and cellulose content of CPS. The silage containing CES had greater loss of volatile solids, higher butyric acid content, and a higher MCCs (C6-C8) yield of 210 gkg -1 VS while the silage without CES had an MCC yield of 137 gkg -1 VS. Out of the three kinetic models that were used to predict the production of MCCs, the dual pool model gave the best prediction.

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“…According to Ratnadewi et al (2016) , cassava waste compiles 16% of the total root weight with 70% wastewater that is fractioned into hemicellulose of 27%, cellulose of 14%, lignin of 11%, the raw fiber of 10%, and protein of 3.5% with an insufficient of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) substance (Adebowale et al, 2008;Candrawati et al, 2017;de Souza, 2021;Eke-emezie et al, 2022;Photharin et al, 2022). Direct cassava wastewater disposal might initiate the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and soil contamination due to the high composition of organic matter and toxic cyanide (Nnaji and Akanno, 2022;Acchar and da Silva, 2020;de Souza, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Sumatera Bentonite by Ammonium-impregnated as a Coagulant for Cassava Wastewater Treatment

Hakim

Khakim

Hanifah

et al. 2023

Sci. Technol. Indones

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The original Sumatera Bentonite (SB), which has been impregnated to be ammonium bentonite (NH-B), was applied as a cassava wastewater coagulant. The modification was conducted using multi-step impregnation initiated by bentonite activation (sodium cation exchange), followed by ammonium impregnation. The optimization parameter focused on the coagulant dose that was used. The result of cassava wastewater coagulation by the ammonium-impregnated bentonite (with dose: 0.4 g/100 mL) shows high-efficiency reduction for turbidity up to 73.97% (from 1099 to 186 NTU), Total Suspended Solid up to 86.56% (from 588 to 79 mg/L), and Chemical Oxygen Demand up to 88.6% (from 559.7 to 63.3 mg/L). The existence of ammonium impregnated is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction analysis based on 2theta shifting at 10° and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis at 464, 521, and 1429 cm−1 as ammonium binding.

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Assessment of Environmental Degradation due to Processing of Cassava into Garri Flakes Using Pollution Indices

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of Fermentation Time, pH, and Their Interaction on the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Cassava Wastewater

Effect of Fermentation Time, pH, and Their Interaction on the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Cassava Wastewater

Medium chain carboxylate production from cassava wastes pretreated by ensiling

Optimization of Sumatera Bentonite by Ammonium-impregnated as a Coagulant for Cassava Wastewater Treatment

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