Assessment of Energy Management in a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Vehicle

Abstract

The energy management strategy plays a major role in hybrid platforms powered by fuel cells (FCs) and batteries. This paper presents an assessment of energy management focused on fuel economy and battery degradation. Particularly, a proposed heuristic strategy and the widely known equivalent consumption minimization strategy are compared with the optimal solution obtained offline via dynamic programming. The case study is based on a real FC hybrid vehicle. Accordingly, the powertrain model of the vehicle used for the simulations is validated experimentally, and the profile of the power demand is measured from the real application. The results show that the proposed strategy offers the same performance as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy when the battery degradation is prioritized, and in comparison with the optimal off-line solution, it can be seen that there is still margin for improvement in terms of battery degradation.

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

“…In [21], a rule-based load following strategy is developed for a FC-battery vehicle where the PEMFC model is updated by a recursive algorithm to embrace the drifts owing to degradation. This EMS has been further improved in [22] and called bounded load following strategy (BLFS). The operating power of the stack is limited between two points considering the efficiency curve of the PEMFC.…”

“…Moreover, the power of PEMFC system is also considered as a state to be able to prevent sudden and big changes in the drawn power from the stack. It should be noted that according to [47], a dynamic limitation of 50 Ws −1 , which means a maximum of 10% of the maximum power per second for rising, and also 30% of the maximum power per second for falling, as suggested in [22], have been considered for the operation of the PEMFC system. The steady space model equations can be described as:…”

Design and Experimental Validation of the Temperature Control of a PEMFC Stack by Applying Multiobjective Optimization

“…The current environmental problems (global warming, air pollution, depletion of fossil fuel reserves) signal the need to turn towards sustainable energy production systems. PEMFC stacks, due to their high electrical efficiency and their low level of CO 2 emissions, are an efficient and clean alternative for many power generation applications: micro-CHP, back-up systems, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) [1], [2], [3].…”

Research on Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Tramway Based on Double Fuzzy Logic Control

“…More and more researchers devote themselves to the study of energy management strategy and micro-grid of hybrid electric vehicles [6,12,14]. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have also carried out relevant research and Application on the energy management strategy of hybrid orbital vehicles [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The main purpose of energy management strategy of hybrid electric tram system is to regulate the power distribution between fuel cells and energy storage elements in the system.…”

“…Literature [7] proposes a switching energy management strategy based on deterministic rules for grid/power battery/ultracapacitor hybrid trains. Literature [8][9] applied the methods of minimum equivalent fuel consumption, fuzzy control and predictive control respectively to optimize the energy management strategy of fuel cell hybrid tram. Literature [10] ultracapacitor respectively (positive value means discharge state, negative value means charging state); η dd represents the efficiency of a dc-dc converter.…”