Assessment of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in low rise building systems: Case study of five building systems built after the Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal

Shrestha, Jagat Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101831

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These buildings can be classified into low rise, midrise, or high rise, based on the number of stories. On the other hand, informal buildings are low on durability, characterized by no reinforced elements, no foundation, and nonreinforced roofs made of materials like corrugated metal sheets. − However, a category of building between the two exists, which includes a range of overlapping characteristics, but not quite fitting in either class. − This category does not have the same quality of durability in construction and materials as formal buildings, which limits building size and lifespan. These buildings have unreinforced roofs and seldom have deep foundations or reinforced walls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Iyer

Rao

Hertwich

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Urbanization, slum redevelopment, and population growth will lead to unprecedented levels of residential building construction in “low- and middle-income” (LMI) countries in the coming decades. However, less than 50% of previous residential building life-cycle assessment (LCA) reviews included LMI countries. Moreover, all reviews that included LMI countries only considered formal (cement–concrete) buildings, while more than 800 million people in these countries lived in informal settlements. We analyze LCA literature and define three building types based on durability: formal, semiformal, and informal. These exhaustively represent residential buildings in LMI countries. For each type, we define dominant archetypes from across the world, based on construction materials. To address the data deficiency and lack of transparency in LCA studies, we develop a reproducibility metric for building LCAs. We find that the countries with the most reproducible studies are India, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Mexico, and Brazil. Only 7 out of 54 African countries have reproducible studies focused on either the embodied or use phase. Maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life phases are included in hardly any studies in the LMI LCA literature. Lastly, we highlight the necessity for studying current, traditional buildings to provide a benchmark for future studies focusing on energy and material efficiency strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Iyer

Rao

Hertwich

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Within the scope of rapid urbanization, many buildings are demolished with urban transformation projects, and millions of tons of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are generated. 3 In addition, many buildings are damaged and destroyed due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, etc. January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazig earthquake that took place in Turkey recently can be shown as a great example of this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid urbanization has emerged to meet this need. Within the scope of rapid urbanization, many buildings are demolished with urban transformation projects, and millions of tons of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are generated 3 . In addition, many buildings are damaged and destroyed due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The created rules of the candidates (the training stage of f c ,3 day). ≤ cement ≤ 320.000 kg/m3 and 137.726 kg/m 3 ≤ water ≤ 210.000 kg/m 3 and 516.591 kg/m 3 ≤ fine ≤ 633.377 kg/m 3 and 1054.149 kg/m 3 ≤ coarse1 ≤ 1367.000 kg/m 3 then A…”

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confidence: 99%

“…T A B L E 8 The created rules of the candidates (the training stage of f c ,1 day). ≤ cement ≤ 420.000 kg/m 3 and 98.293 kg/m 3 ≤ water ≤ 151.136 kg/m 3 and 481.000 kg/ m 3 ≤ fine ≤ 679.000 kg/m 3 and coarse2 ≤ 865.000 kg/m3 The comparative results of the rule-based SFO and well-known rule based methods (weighted).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A new intelligent sunflower optimization based explainable artificial intelligence approach for early‐age concrete compressive strength classification and mixture design of RAC

Ulucan

Yıldırım

Alataş

et al. 2023

Structural Concrete

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This study aims to develop a new artificial intelligence model that can produce explainable rules to predict the mix design and early‐age concrete compressive strength classes of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Unlike other black‐box machine learning methods and rule‐based algorithms, the study relies on a metaheuristic mechanism for explainability. This metaheuristic mechanism is not used for a traditional parameter optimization, but to automatically extract interpretable and interpretable rules from the experimental data. In the study, 30 series of RACs are produced, and the samples’ 1‐ and 3‐day early‐age concrete compressive strength values are determined. Concretes produced using these strength values are classified. The labels defined for each concrete class are Class A (C 8/10), Class B (C 12/15), Class C (C 16/20), and Class D (C 20/25). The proposed intelligent classification model that consists of rule set automatically produces interpretable and comprehensible rules from data to determine the early‐age concrete compressive strength class and RAC mix amounts. In addition, the proposed method eliminates the black‐box disadvantages of classical machine learning methods with its explainability and interpretability feature. The sunflower optimization algorithm is adapted as the metaheuristic mechanism and a special fitness function and representative solution form are developed for automatic extraction of high‐quality comprehensible rules by simultaneously optimizing many different metrics. This paper is the first interpretable and comprehensible artificial intelligence model attempt used for early‐age compressive strength classification and mixture design of recycled aggregate concrete by balancing and optimizing both the accuracy and explainability. Proposed explainable intelligent classification model is tested against both well‐known state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms and standard rule‐based methods on the produced real data. Promising results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall are obtained along with the explainability feature.

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An integrative approach of the use of recycled concrete aggregate in high‐rise buildings: Example of the Elysium

Ulucan

Alyamaç

2022

Structural Concrete

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The primary purpose of this study is to examine in detail the mechanical, environmental, and economic properties of concrete produced using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in different ratios. This study used RCAs obtained from construction and demolition wastes (CDW) that emerged after the 24 January 2020 Sivrice‐Elazig earthquake to produce recycled aggregate concretes. The ultimate aim of this study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these structures in terms of mechanical, environmental, and economic properties if RCA will be used at certain rates in high‐rise private buildings built with natural aggregate concrete (NAC) in Elazig. For this purpose, concretes with all natural aggregates, all recycled aggregates, and both natural aggregates and recycled aggregates were produced. A mathematical model was developed using response surface method to predict the mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate concretes (RCACs) by utilizing the compressive strength values of the produced concretes. Then, the component amounts of RCACs, which have the same compressive strength as the compressive strength values of the NAC used in Elysium, which was chosen as a sample building in Elazig, were estimated. Considering the estimated component amounts, environmental impact assessments and feasibility analyses were made according to four different scenarios, including parameters such as cement amount, chemical additive amount, the cost difference between RCA‐natural coarse aggregate, and transportation distance. As a result of these evaluations and analyses, it was foresighted that using RCA would provide significant advantages in buildings produced using large amounts of concrete. This foresight is exemplified by the Elysium buildings. As a result, it was determined that the use of RCAs is appropriate, especially the concrete produced with aggregates obtained from CDW is more important for a sustainable environment, and the use of RCAs in high‐rise buildings built using large amounts of concrete can provide significant environmental and economic advantages.

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Assessment of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in low rise building systems: Case study of five building systems built after the Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

A new intelligent sunflower optimization based explainable artificial intelligence approach for early‐age concrete compressive strength classification and mixture design of RAC

An integrative approach of the use of recycled concrete aggregate in high‐rise buildings: Example of the Elysium

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