Assessment of endothelial damage and dysfunction: observations in relation to heart failure

Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: does route of administration and formulation matter?

“…The (wide) range of markers used by Stevenson et al (2004) have previously been shown to be useful surrogate measures of haemostasis, endothelial damage/dysfunction, and vascular biology (Chong et al, 2003). For example, von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels (a plasma index of endothelial damage/dysfunction) were not increased by administration of transdermal HRT in this study.…”

“…Unfortunately, it is not known whether many of the substances measured are direct markers of endothelial dysfunction and precursors to endothelial damage and future cardiovascular events, or are surrogates for these events. Indeed, many markers of endothelial (dys)function are also elevated in other situations, for example in pregnancy, hypertension, inflammatory disorders and during exercise (Chong et al, 2003). Whilst these markers are known to be raised in vascular disease processes, it is also possible that confounding factors are involved in this study, and the possibility arises that the measured indices are not specific to the disease process being measured, being more reflective of a generalized pathophysiological process.…”

“…Another marker, soluble E-selectin, is specific to endothelial cells, and levels are elevated in a number of cardiovascular disorders including heart failure, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus as well as other conditions such as inflammatory disorders, cancer and septic shock. The predictive value of E-selectin is not completely resolved at present -some studies have failed to show an association between E-selectin levels and future events, but it has also been associated with death from cardiovascular causes (Chong et al, 2003;Roldan et al, 2003); in any case, oral HRT has also been shown to decrease levels of E-selectin, although this effect may be limited to non-smokers (Stork et al, 2002), and similar effects have been seen with previous studies of transdermal HRT (Seljeflot et al, 2000).…”

Combination antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease

“…К таким факторам (медиаторам повреждения эндоте-лия) относятся гиперхолестеринемия, гипергомоци-стеинемия, цитокины (интерлейкины, фактор некроза опухоли) и др. [5]. Одним из маркеров ЭД является эндотелин-1, который имеет прогностиче-ское значение при сердечно-сосудистых заболева-ниях.…”

Gene Expression of the Endothelin-1 in Vasospastic Flap Pedicle – an Experimental Study on a Porcine Model

“…With subendothelial surface denudation, the thrombus is formed and vasoactive substances that cause vasoconstriction are released. The endothelial dysfunction may also change concentrations of the nitric oxide and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the close tissue and aggravate vasospasm (Chong et al 2003).…”