Assessment of empirical formulas for prediction of the effects of projectile impact on concrete structures

Kosteski, Luís Eduardo; Riera, Jorge Daniel; Iturrioz, Ignácio; Singh, Raj Kumar; Kant, Tarun

doi:10.1111/ffe.12285

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The complex constitution of concrete results in the sophisticated damage experience in the material under loading. Specifically, the arbitrary distribution of numerous initial defects in the material causes the localization of stresses, and the localized stresses produce the complex process of damage in an increasingly complicated way during load process. Additionally, experimental studies had been conducted to understand the damage mechanism in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple damage model for concrete considering irreversible mode‐II microcracks

Shan

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T A simple damage model with the concept of mode-II microcracks on crack wall contributing to the irreversible strains for concrete is developed. By applying the micromechanics method, a microcell-based damage model is introduced to understand the damage behaviour. Further, by introducing the physical interpretation of the damage variable using thermodynamic method, a novel damage variable (irreversible-damage variable) is proposed to describe the irrecoverable strains generated by both mode-II microcracks and irreversible-frictional sliding. With this methodology, a simple continuum damage mechanics model is developed in which both elastic and irreversible damages are considered. As demonstrated by the comparison with experimental results, the proposed model is characterized by accuracy of solutions, sufficiency of physical sense and convenience of implementation. CDM = continuum damage mechanics FPZ = fracture process zone RVE = representative volume element STD = standard deviation SIF = stress intensity factor D = damage variable tensor D e , ω = elastic-damage variable tensor D i = irreversible-damage variable tensor I = four order identity tensor, p i ± = fitting parameters related to damage properties D ± = scalar damage for tensile/compressive uniaxial case D i ± = scalar irreversible-damage for uniaxial tensile/compressive case E = nominal Young's modulus E 0 = initial Young's modulus E = effective Young's modulus E d = degradation of Young's modulus K I = stress intensity factor K IC = critical stress intensity factor 2a = length of crack b = crack opening due to mode-II microcracks b′ = crack opening due to irreversible-frictional sliding da = increment of crack length on crack tip i = number of microcell r = stress ratio α = parameter considering the bia-compressive effects ε 0,δ , ε de,δ , ε di,δ = small additive strain Correspondence: Z. Shan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple damage model for concrete considering irreversible mode‐II microcracks

Shan

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…The proportionality between the penetration depth of the ogive nose projectile and its kinetic energy at impact is observed frequently in empirical formulas [27].…”

Section: Calculations Of the Penetration Depth Based On The Pd-inform...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A PD simulation-informed prediction of penetration depth of rigid rods through materials susceptible to microcracking

Mastilović

2022

Meccanica

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The present investigation relies upon an alternative approach to estimate the penetration depth of rigid projectiles into quasibrittle materials that utilizes simulation-informed modeling of penetration resistance. Penetration at normal incidence of a long rigid rod into massive targets, made of materials with inferior tensile strength predisposed to microcracking, is an event characterized by a high level of aleatory variability and epistemic uncertainty. This inherent stochasticity of the phenomenon is addressed by a model developed based on the particle dynamics (PD) simulations aimed to provide a key modeling ingredient -the functional dependence of the radial traction at the cavity surface on the radial velocity of the cavity expansion. The penetration depth expressions are derived for the ogive nose projectiles. The use of the power law radial traction dependence upon the expansion rate yields the penetration resistance and depth equations defined in terms of hypergeometric functions. These expressions are readily evaluated and offer a reasonably conservative estimate of the penetration depth. This model is validated by using experimental results of the penetration depth of long projectiles into Salem limestone, which is a typical example of quasibrittle materials with random microstructure well known for their pronounced experimental data scatter. This stochasticity is explored in the present paper by a sensitivity analysis of the key input parameters of the model; most notably, uniaxial tensile strength and friction coefficient.

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“…With a high striking velocity of the missile onto a large area of the target surface, the local damages are often observed. Thus, many studies focused on investigating the effect of local impact on an RC target [19,38]. Different levels of damages have been observed and introduced such as perforation, scabbing, radial cracking, spalling, cone cracking and plugging, penetration, etc.…”

Section: Missile Impact Test Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data of missile impact tests on RC panels were collected from the literature from 1978 to 2017 [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. It consisted of 254 instances classified into four output investigating the effect of local impact on an RC target [19,38]. Different levels of damages have been observed and introduced such as perforation, scabbing, radial cracking, spalling, cone cracking and plugging, penetration, etc.…”

Section: Data Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid model for predicting missile impact damages based on k-nearest neighbors and Bayesian optimization

Doan

Thai

Tran

2020

STCE

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Due to the increase of missile performance, the safety design requirements of military and industrial reinforced concrete (RC) structures (i.e., bunkers, nuclear power plants, etc.) also increase. Estimating damage levels in the design stage becomes a crucial task and requires more accuracy. Thus, this study proposed a hybrid machine learning model which is based on k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and Bayesian optimization (BO), named as BO-KNN, for predicting the local damages of reinforced concrete (RC) panels under missile impact loading. In the proposed BO-KNN, the hyperparameters of the KNN were optimized by using the BO which is a well-established optimization algorithm. Accordingly, the KNN was trained on an experimental dataset that consists of 254 impact tests to predict four levels (or classes) of damages including perforation, scabbing, penetration, and no damage. Due to the unbalance of the number of tests in each damage class, an over-sampling technique called BorderlineSMOTE was employed as a balancing solution. The predictability of the proposed model was investigated by comparing with the benchmark models including non-optimized KNN, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and decision tree (DT). Accuracy, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were utilized to evaluate the performance of these models. The implementation results showed that the proposed BO-KNN model outperformed the other benchmark models with the average class accuracy of 68.05%, F1-score = 0.641, and AUC = 85.8%. Thus, the proposed model can be introduced as a foundation for developing a tool for predicting the local damage of RC panels under the missile impact in the future. Keywords: impact damage; k-nearest neighbors; Bayesian optimization; oversampling; imbalanced data; RC panel.

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Assessment of empirical formulas for prediction of the effects of projectile impact on concrete structures

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

A simple damage model for concrete considering irreversible mode‐II microcracks

A simple damage model for concrete considering irreversible mode‐II microcracks

A PD simulation-informed prediction of penetration depth of rigid rods through materials susceptible to microcracking

A hybrid model for predicting missile impact damages based on k-nearest neighbors and Bayesian optimization

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