Assessment of egg load by Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Rothschild, Miriam; Schoonhoven, L. M.

doi:10.1038/266352a0

Cited by 237 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Butterflies that avoid laying eggs on already infested host plants should reduce intraspecific competition and parasitism (Thompson and Pellmyr 1991). In fact, P. rapae is known to avoid laying eggs on plants that are infested with conspecific larvae or that carry conspecific eggs (Rothschild and Schoonhoven 1977;Schoonhoven et al 1990;Sato et al 1999). Nitriles, acting as indicators of feeding and defecating larvae, may not only signify the presence of competitors but may also hint at increased levels of glucosinolates and other defense compounds in the host plant as a result of induction that have a negative influence on the performance of the offspring (e.g., Agrawal and Kurashige 2003;Mewis et al 2005Mewis et al , 2006Gols et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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The glucosinolate-myrosinase system, found in plants of the order Brassicales, has long been considered an effective defense system against herbivores. The defensive potential of glucosinolates is mainly due to the products formed after myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue damage. The most prominent hydrolysis products, the isothiocyanates, are toxic to a wide range of organisms, including herbivorous lepidopterans. In contrast, little is known about the biological activities of alternative hydrolysis products such as simple nitriles and epithionitriles that are formed at the expense of isothiocyanates in the presence of epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). Here, we used transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) plants overexpressing ESP (35S:ESP plants) to investigate the effects of simple nitriles on direct and indirect defense against the specialist cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). In the 35S:ESP plants, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed mainly to simple nitriles upon tissue disruption, while isothiocyanates are the predominant hydrolysis products in Columbia-0 (Col-0) wild-type plants. The parasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a specialist on P. rapae larvae, was significantly more attracted to P. rapaeinfested 35S:ESP plants than to P. rapae-infested Col-0 wild-type plants in a wind tunnel setup. Furthermore, female P. rapae butterflies laid more eggs on Col-0 wild-type plants than on 35S:ESP plants when the plants had been damaged previously. However, when given a choice to feed on 35S: ESP or Col-0 plants, caterpillars did not discriminate between the two genotypes. Growth rate and developmental time were not significantly different between caterpillars that were reared on 35S:ESP or Col-0 plants. Thus, the production of simple nitriles instead of isothiocyanates, as catalyzed by ESP, can promote both direct and indirect defense against the specialist herbivore P. rapae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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“…It has been known for a long time that females of Pieris brassicae avoid egg depositions at those sites where conspecific eggs have already been deposited. The first oviposition deterrents were isolated from Pieris eggs (Rothschild & Schoonhoven, 1977) and were identified as trans-2-[3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenylpropenoyl)-amino]-3,5 dihydroxybenzoic acid and derivatives of this. In honour of Miriam Rothschild they were named miriamids (Blaakmeer et al, 1994b).…”

Section: Formation Of Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of plant responses to oviposition and feeding by herbivorous arthropods: a comparison

Hilker

Meiners

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

136

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Plants may respond both to feeding and oviposition by herbivorous insects. While responses of plants to feeding damage by herbivores have been studied intensively during the past decades, only a few, but growing number of studies consider the reactions of plants towards egg deposition by herbivorous insects. Plants showing defensive response to oviposition by herbivores do not 'wait' until being damaged by feeding, but may instead react towards one of the initial steps of herbivore attack, the egg deposition. Direct plant defensive responses to feeding act directly against the feeding stages of the herbivores. However, a plant may also show direct defensive responses to egg deposition by (a) formation of neoplasms, (b) formation of necrotic tissue (= hypersensitive response), and (c) production of oviposition deterrents. All these plant reactions have directly negative effects on the eggs, hatching larvae, or on the ovipositing females. Indirect plant defensive responses to feeding result in the emission of volatiles (= synomones) that attract predators or parasitoids of the feeding stages. A few recent studies have shown that plants are able to emit volatiles also in response to egg deposition and that these volatiles attract egg parasitoids. Studies on the mechanisms of induction of synomones by egg deposition show several parallels to the mechanisms of induction of plant responses by feeding damage. When considering induced plant defence against herbivores from an evolutionary point of view, the question arises whether herbivores evolved the ability to circumvent or even to exploit the plant's defensive responses. The reactions of herbivores to oviposition induced plant responses are compared with their reactions to feeding induced plant responses.

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“…Em alguns Hymenoptera, Diptera e Lepidoptera, as fêmeas são capazes de distinguir, em termos qualitativos, substratos com e sem ovipostura (Rothschild & Schoonhoven 1977, Roitberg & Prokopy 1981, Ikawa & Suzuki 1982, mas em moscas-varejeiras pode ser importante uma distinção quantitativa entre carcaças com números variáveis de ovos ou larvas (Ives 1991), visto que é incomum que apenas uma fêmea encontre uma determinada carcaça (Macleod & Donnelly 1962, Hanski 1987a, Sjerps et al 1993. Além disso, uma fêmea pode optar por não depositar todos os seus ovos em um substrato saturado de imaturos (Ives 1991), e no caso de fêmeas com desenvolvimento ovariano incompleto, a procura pelos substratos é feita exclusivamente para alimentação, ao invés de ovipostura (Avancini & Linhares 1988, Olsen & Sidebottom 1990, Mendes & Linhares 1993.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Comportamento de oviposturas individuais, percentagem de eclosão e peso larval mínimo para pupação em populações de Chrysomya megacephala (F.)

Zuben

Cláudio²

1998

An. Soc. Entomol. Bras.

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-Chrysomya megacephala (F.), like many blowfly species, utilizes discrete and ephemeral resources such as decomposing carrion for feeding and egg laying. The spatial context in which exploitative competition takes place in C. megacephala is characterized by two populations: dispersing adult individuals, and immatures that are laid in clutches on the substrate by adult females. Aspects of the life-history associated with larval competition for food in experimental populations of C. megacephala, including individual oviposition behavior and minimum weight for larvae to become pupae were investigated. Results indicated that females may lay only a portion of their eggs at a time, as opposed to the previous held notion that the female C. megacephala deposits its eggs at once. The percentage of eggs hatched was ca. 90 %, and the critical weight for pupation was 30 -32 mg.KEY WORDS: Insecta, Diptera, blowflies, life-history traits, larval competition.RESUMO -Chrysomya megacephala (F.), a exemplo de muitas outras moscasvarejeiras, utiliza recursos discretos e efêmeros para alimentação e oviposição, tais como carcaças em decomposição. O contexto espacial em que ocorre competição por alimento em C. megacephala caracteriza-se por duas populações: indivíduos adultos dispersando-se e imaturos que são depositados nos substratos pelas fêmeas adultas. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar aspectos da bionomia associados com competição larval por alimento em populações experimentais de C. megacephala, incluindo comportamento de ovipostura e peso mínimo necessário para pupação. Os resultados indicaram que fêmeas depositam parte de seus ovos produzidos, contrastando com estudos anteriores que consideraram apenas ovipostura completa. A percentagem de eclosão de larvas foi alta (90 %) e o peso mínimo necessário para pupação situou-se entre 30 e 32 mg.

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Assessment of egg load by Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Cited by 237 publications

References 6 publications

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

Induction of plant responses to oviposition and feeding by herbivorous arthropods: a comparison

Comportamento de oviposturas individuais, percentagem de eclosão e peso larval mínimo para pupação em populações de Chrysomya megacephala (F.)

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