Assessment of eco-sustainability vis-à-vis zoo-technical attributes of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea in Nellore sheep (Ovis aries)
Abstract:The contemporary environmental-stewardship programmes primarily aimed at curbing the global warming potential by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. Manipulating the feeding strategies has great potential in reducing the environmental footprints of livestock production. This study intends to assess the effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea (SRU) on both zoo-technical (nutrient digestibility, heat increment, and physio-biochemical parameters) and environmental attributes… Show more
“…In the group of GWP contributors during feed production, fertilizers imparted the highest proportion of CO 2 equivalents (34.66%) followed by electricity (22.48%), agrochemicals (19.73%), pesticides (18.61%), and diesel (4.52%). These results are in complete agreement with the outcomes of previous research 12,38,39 .Figure 5Share of individual global warming contributors, CFP feed , and GWP calculated according to methodology II. ( A ) CFP feed and GWP/6%FCMY with reference to diet changes.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The altered N release rates of the PCU collected from concentrate mixture to those of intact urea revealed a significant damage occurred to polymer coating. Likewise, in our previous study, we have noticed a considerable damage to the outer coating of PCU isolated from total mixed ration 12 . The damage to the polymer coating may occur due to the blending or mixing of PCU with other feed ingredients while preparing either concentrate mixture or complete feed 12 .Figure 1Nitrogen release with reference to the source of urea and hour of sampling (Shown as means and standard errors of triplicate incubation).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 69%
“…Likewise, in our previous study, we have noticed a considerable damage to the outer coating of PCU isolated from total mixed ration 12 . The damage to the polymer coating may occur due to the blending or mixing of PCU with other feed ingredients while preparing either concentrate mixture or complete feed 12 .Figure 1Nitrogen release with reference to the source of urea and hour of sampling (Shown as means and standard errors of triplicate incubation). PCU (intact) – Polymer coated urea from manufacturer; PCU (Lactating animals) – Polymer coated urea picked up from concentrate mixture); SU – Source of urea; S × H – Source × Hour interaction; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 69%
“…Several inconstancies exist among the calculated carbon footprint and global warming potentialities in the cradle to farm gate LCA analysis. Such variations are principally attributed to the methodology used while estimating the GWP of feed, which confers a degree of uncertainty in the final GWP per liter 6% FCMY 12 . Therefore, we calculated the GWP by considering the emission intensities from byproducts as zero (methodology II).…”
Feeding management in dairy animals is crucial for ensuring optimal production apart from making the farming as a whole, a more sustainable activity. In our study we evaluated the production and environmental effects of two different feeding regimens i.e., one dominated by traditional cottonseed meal (CSM) and other with coated urea (slow release urea - SRU) as a replacement for CSM on dairy buffalo production. The SRU at 2% level was evaluated by conducting two different trials using twelve lactating Murrah buffaloes and four adult Murrah buffalo bulls. Neither diet nor dry period management showed any substantial effect on milk components, intakes, nutrients’ digestibility coefficients, and nutritive values. The SRU diet revealed increased (P < 0.01) rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, and microbial nitrogen yield, which were interacted with time of post-prandial sampling. The dynamics of nitrogen metabolism revealed unaltered N-based parameters, except for degradable-N intake and serum urea-N at 3 hr post-feeding. The CSM replacements did not influence (P > 0.05) the residual feed intake, but led to an enhanced milk retention efficiency of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus contents, thus reducing their impact on soil pollution and eutrophication of water bodies. Despite an unaltered (P > 0.05) enteric methane emission, SRU diets achieved in decreasing manure methane and nitrous oxide emission. Furthermore, the virtual water flow and lifecycle assessment revealed a water sparing effect and low carbon foot print per unit milk production. In summary, the CSM replacements with SRU could achieve an economical and eco-friendly production system from animal nutrition perspective.
“…In the group of GWP contributors during feed production, fertilizers imparted the highest proportion of CO 2 equivalents (34.66%) followed by electricity (22.48%), agrochemicals (19.73%), pesticides (18.61%), and diesel (4.52%). These results are in complete agreement with the outcomes of previous research 12,38,39 .Figure 5Share of individual global warming contributors, CFP feed , and GWP calculated according to methodology II. ( A ) CFP feed and GWP/6%FCMY with reference to diet changes.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The altered N release rates of the PCU collected from concentrate mixture to those of intact urea revealed a significant damage occurred to polymer coating. Likewise, in our previous study, we have noticed a considerable damage to the outer coating of PCU isolated from total mixed ration 12 . The damage to the polymer coating may occur due to the blending or mixing of PCU with other feed ingredients while preparing either concentrate mixture or complete feed 12 .Figure 1Nitrogen release with reference to the source of urea and hour of sampling (Shown as means and standard errors of triplicate incubation).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 69%
“…Likewise, in our previous study, we have noticed a considerable damage to the outer coating of PCU isolated from total mixed ration 12 . The damage to the polymer coating may occur due to the blending or mixing of PCU with other feed ingredients while preparing either concentrate mixture or complete feed 12 .Figure 1Nitrogen release with reference to the source of urea and hour of sampling (Shown as means and standard errors of triplicate incubation). PCU (intact) – Polymer coated urea from manufacturer; PCU (Lactating animals) – Polymer coated urea picked up from concentrate mixture); SU – Source of urea; S × H – Source × Hour interaction; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 69%
“…Several inconstancies exist among the calculated carbon footprint and global warming potentialities in the cradle to farm gate LCA analysis. Such variations are principally attributed to the methodology used while estimating the GWP of feed, which confers a degree of uncertainty in the final GWP per liter 6% FCMY 12 . Therefore, we calculated the GWP by considering the emission intensities from byproducts as zero (methodology II).…”
Feeding management in dairy animals is crucial for ensuring optimal production apart from making the farming as a whole, a more sustainable activity. In our study we evaluated the production and environmental effects of two different feeding regimens i.e., one dominated by traditional cottonseed meal (CSM) and other with coated urea (slow release urea - SRU) as a replacement for CSM on dairy buffalo production. The SRU at 2% level was evaluated by conducting two different trials using twelve lactating Murrah buffaloes and four adult Murrah buffalo bulls. Neither diet nor dry period management showed any substantial effect on milk components, intakes, nutrients’ digestibility coefficients, and nutritive values. The SRU diet revealed increased (P < 0.01) rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, and microbial nitrogen yield, which were interacted with time of post-prandial sampling. The dynamics of nitrogen metabolism revealed unaltered N-based parameters, except for degradable-N intake and serum urea-N at 3 hr post-feeding. The CSM replacements did not influence (P > 0.05) the residual feed intake, but led to an enhanced milk retention efficiency of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus contents, thus reducing their impact on soil pollution and eutrophication of water bodies. Despite an unaltered (P > 0.05) enteric methane emission, SRU diets achieved in decreasing manure methane and nitrous oxide emission. Furthermore, the virtual water flow and lifecycle assessment revealed a water sparing effect and low carbon foot print per unit milk production. In summary, the CSM replacements with SRU could achieve an economical and eco-friendly production system from animal nutrition perspective.
“…In any case, regular inclusion of feed grade urea in the diet of fattening lambs will reduce the demand of protein sources for sheep feeding, which can be used directly as food for humans. The use of urea as a feed ingredient might also reduce the carbon footprint and the environmental impact derived from soybean meal production and transport, especially when land use change is involved [56,57].…”
Simple SummaryThere is a renewed interest on the potential inclusion of urea in ruminant diets, reducing the contribution of vegetable protein supplements. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with different proportions of urea in protein-rich diets for heavy fattening lambs (from 29 to 50 kg of live body weight). Our results suggest that 39% of soybean meal of such diets can be replaced with urea reducing the feeding costs without any adverse effects on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, or carcass and meat quality. Nevertheless, urea supplementation even at levels of 1% of dry matter may trigger mild metabolic acidosis that can affect animal health in the long term.AbstractThirty-six Assaf male lambs (29.4 ± 3.10 kg body weight (BW)) were used to study the feasibility of including urea (at 0, 0.6 or 0.95% of dry matter for Control, Urea1, and Urea2 diets, respectively) in substitution of soybean meal in fattening diets. Animals were individually penned and feed intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were taken at days 35 and 63 of the experimental period to determine the acid-base status and the biochemical profile. At the end of the experiment (nine weeks), lambs were slaughtered, ruminal contents were collected and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. There were not differences (p > 0.05) among treatments in dry matter intake, animal performance, ruminal fermentation pattern, and carcass and meat parameters. Serum albumin concentration was higher and concentration of HCO3 and total CO2 in blood were lower in Urea2 compared to Urea1 and Control lambs. These results, together with the tendency to lower (p = 0.065) blood pH in this group might suggest a moderate metabolic acidosis. Partial replacement of soybean meal with urea did not impair growth rate in heavy fattening Assaf lambs (from 29 to 50 kg body weight), reduced feeding costs and had no adverse effects on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation and carcass and meat quality.
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