Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Damage Level on Buildings: Analysis of Two Different Survey Methods for a Case Study

Abstract

Commission II, WG II/8 ABSTRACT:Purpose of this paper is to compare different methods for the assessment of earthquake-induced damage on buildings based on survey data, referring to the case study of Castelluccio di Norcia. The seismic events that occurred in Central Italy in 2016 threatened the future of many villages located along the Apennine ridge straddling the Regions of Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo and Lazio: in Castelluccio di Norcia, a minor historical center in the Municipality of Norcia (Umbria), the earthquake occurred on August the 24 th caused some damage on localized buildings, but the strongest seismic event -the one occurred on October the 30 th and with magnitude Mw 6.5, provoked numerous collapses and widespread failure on several buildings of the village, razing to the ground almost the 60% of the built heritage. After the two earthquakes respectively, the Fire Brigade organized a reconnaissance campaign and flew over the village via UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). By acquiring the videos recorded in this framework, that are currently available on the net and originally not recorded for specific survey purposes, the authors produced 3D models of the village allowing to compare the configuration of Castelluccio in the phases pre-and post-the destructive event of 30 th October: in fact, since the level of damage after the earthquake of August the 24 th was very low, the model resulting from the video recorded after this earthquake could be used as a model showing the layout of the village before the main struck of October. The result of this study is the Damage Degree Evaluation (DDE) and the following definition of a map showing for each building its class of damage, according to the distinction provided by European Macro-seismic Scale EMS98. On the other hand, another damage level map was studied: the Civil Protection requested, immediately after the earthquake and for the management of disaster response activities, the activation of the COPERNICUS project, providing for the detection of most damaged buildings of the village for an early census of the non-safe areas. The map of the damage level produced within this project is of course more accurate and precise, since it was collected through different acquisition systems: UAV, close-range photogrammetry, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and SLAM (Simultaneous Location and Mapping)-based mapping. This paper proposes a comparison between the two different DDEs, in order to define whether the first method, even if based on data downloaded via the web and therefore at lower resolution, and even if acquired with a more rapid evaluation procedure not providing for ground-based surveys, can lead to the construction of damage level maps that are plausible and realistic. The question is if the first method of DDE, even if less accurate, can allow to obtain results that are satisfactory and useful in the process of management and monitoring of natural hazards, providing support for the several implied institutions, in terms of information on catastrophe...

Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol. XIII (FORTMED2023)

“…La procedura è avvenuta tramite riconoscimento di punti comuni di foto successive (tie points), avendo ricostruito, tramite il software Agisoft Metashape, l'orientamento interno ed esterno delle camere (Croce et al 2019).…”

Multilevel Assessment of Seismic Damage and Vulnerability of Masonry Buildings (MUSE-DV) in Historical Centers: Development of a Mobile Android Application

“…Sometimes, the dissemination of software for data storage can be a viable option for data management, as for the CLE form [55] and the LOG-IDEAH post-earthquake tool for architectural assets [56]. Artificial intelligence theories such as neural networks, [57] fuzzy logic [58], and remote sensing [59,60] have been tested for quick data collection in the first phase of a post-earthquake emergency for civil protection purposes and the adoption of short-term measures. The preventive usage of the latter is preferred for infrastructures (e.g., highway bridges) and landslides [61,62], although some applications to civil buildings have been proposed [63][64][65].…”

The Chapel of Sant’Agata in Pisa. 3D surveying, Artificial Intelligence and archival heritage

“…Recent developments of photogrammetry have revealed how digital 3D reconstructions can include archival documentation for the recovery of past architectural heritage. Metric knowledge can be extracted from archival data so to derive valuable information on the virtual restoration, anastylosis and reconstruction of destroyed or transformed objects, and also to compare previous and actual states of a building [Al Khalil, Grussenmeyer 2019;Croce et al 2019]. Previous studies [Martinez Espejo Zaragoza et al 2021;Bevilacqua et al 2017] underlined the potentials of integrating existing surveying models with data coming from historic and archival photography, by appropriate spatialization of historic documentation within currently existing photogrammetric models.…”