Assessment of dyslipidemia in pre-dialysis patients in south-west Nigeria

Abstract

Background:Majority of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are more likely to die of cardiovascular complications before reaching end stage renal disease. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) recommends that all CKD patients should be evaluated for dyslipidemia and for treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional case control study to determine the frequency of occurrence of lipid abnormalities in patients with CKD and compare these abnormalities with that of normal controls. A total of 100 patients and 100 controls were recruited for the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using structured questionnaire. Weight, height and waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were also obtained. Subjects had their fasting lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose assayed after overnight fast of 8-14 hours. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was obtained using Friedwald formula.Result:The study revealed that total cholesterol (TC) was elevated above normal levels in 44% of cases compared with 6% in controls (P < 0.001), with the mean (SD) value of 5.82 ± 3.28 mmol/l for cases compared with 3.9 ± 1.0 mmol/l (P < 0.001) in controls. Low density lipoprotein was elevated in 48% of cases compared with 14% in controls (P < 0.001), with the mean (SD) values of 4.15 ± 2.74 mmol/l and 2.57 ± 0.95 mmol/l for cases and controls, respectively, (P < 0.001). Triglyceride (TG) was elevated above normal level in 26% of cases compared with none in the controls (P < 0.001), with the mean (SD) values of 1.41 ± 1.10 mmol/l and 0.64 ± 0.24 mmol/l for cases and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). All Lipid fractions except HDL also correlated significantly with levels of proteinuria TC (r = 0.345, P = 0.001), TG (r = 0.268, P = 0.011) LDL (r = 0.366, P = 0.001).Conclusion:Dyslipidemia is common among patients with CKD. Regular evaluation of all CKD patients for dyslipidemia and treatment need be instituted.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Under Conservative Treatment

“…This fact draws attention, since excess body fat is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, DM, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. 34 Dyslipidemia is common in CKD and its presence can contribute to increase cardiovascular risk, 35 since elevated TG and reduced HDL-c are independent predictors of cardiometabolic episodes 36 . Regarding elevated LDL-c, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999(NHANES -2006 demonstrated a 46% prevalence of this lipid alteration in adults with stages 1-2 CKD and 80% with CKD stages 3 and 4.…”

Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease in Cameroon: Case of the Douala General Hospital

“…The epidemiology of CVRF and CVD in CKD patients in SSA is limited. Few studies reported that the burden of CVRF and CVD is high in CKD patients in this setting and the care of these patients is largely in-Open Journal of Nephrology adequate and suboptimal [27] [28]. In Cameroon, CKD prevalence is high mainly due to hypertension, diabetes and chronic glomerulonephritis [29] [30].…”

Study of Related Biochemical Tests and PTH in End Stage Renal Disease Patients in Iran

“…In other hand, 50% of renal patients were involving in dyslipidemia [7]. Another study showed that renal dysfunction was associated with both reduction in serum HDL concentration and increased circulating monocyte count [8]. While CKD is a global public problem, patients with CKD have higher risk of progression to ESRD.…”