Assessment of Drug Prescription Pattern in Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Using World Health Organization Prescribing Indicators

Yilma, Zewdu; Liben, Mesfin

doi:10.1155/2020/3809157

Cited by 23 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The percentage of injection use was found to be 9.5 (95% CI = 7.8, 11.1) which is comparable to the ideal value (10.1%-17.0%). 14,65 In the same way, within the WHO/INRUD optimum value or even lower results were reported by different studies done in Ethiopia (ranging from 3.6% to 23.6%), [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]36 and many other developing countries (ranging from 0% to 19.25%). [37][38][39][40][41][42]44,46,[48][49][50][51]53…”

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confidence: 64%

“…However, a higher value was reported by the study done at Gondar University Teaching Referral Hospital (28.5), 18 Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (53.1), 29 Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital (38.1%), 20 Dilchora Referral Hospital (44.77%), 21 Debre Markos Referral Hospital (48.36%), 66 and Mekelle General Hospital (42.2%) in Ethiopia; 27 Khartoum State, Sudan (57.6%), 35 and Nashik, India (50.83%). 54 The difference may be due to the difference in the level of care of the institution.…”

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confidence: 78%

“…Similarly, higher results were recorded in studies from different parts of Ethiopia (ranging from 1.9 to 3), 22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and other developing countries (ranging from 2.30 to 3.98). 32,34,35,37,40,43,44,46,48,49,54 On the contrary, the average number of medicines per prescription within the acceptable range was reported by other studies from Ethiopia (ranging from 1.65 to 1.8).…”

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confidence: 85%

“…5,14,65 This agrees with the study done at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia (71.36%). 66 Similarly, higher values were reported by several previous studies in Ethiopia (ranging from 27.62% to 82.5%) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]36 and other developing countries (ranging from 35.3% to 84.8%). 32,35,[37][38][39][40][41][47][48][49]51,54 Although the high use of antibiotics may be due to the prevalent nature of the infectious disease in developing countries, it should be given attention since it may increase the risk of antibiotic resistance.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Evaluation of Rational Use of Medicine Using WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Sema¹,

Asres²,

Wubeshet³

2021

IPRP

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Background: Despite medicines are a major contributor to the health and well-being of the community, irrational use of medicines is being a serious public health crisis with significant harmful implications for patients, healthcare systems, and communities as a whole. Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the rational use of medicine using the World Health Organization/Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators at Teda and Azezo health centers of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 prescription papers retrospectively, and 60 patients prospectively at two health centers of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia from May 01/2019 to April 30/2020. The data were collected using a standard data collection checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS ® version 24. The data were analyzed descriptively by using mean, frequency, and proportion. Results: Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent encounters with injection was 9.5±0.28%, percent encounters with antibiotics was 73.85±0.35%, and 100% of medicines were prescribed from the essential medicine list of Ethiopia. Patient care indicators: Only 16.7% of the patients knew the correct dosage of their medications, and 17.5% of dispensed medicines were adequately labeled. From the prescribed medications, only 77.17% were actually dispensed. Average consultation and dispensing time were 5.35 minutes and 40.24 seconds, respectively. Facility-specific indicators: Only 83.5% of key medicines were available in the health centers. Conclusion:According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facilityspecific indicators. Therefore, both health centers should work towards promoting the rational use of medicines.

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confidence: 64%

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confidence: 78%

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 85%

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Evaluation of Rational Use of Medicine Using WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Sema¹,

Asres²,

Wubeshet³

2021

IPRP

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“…This value is close to, but a bit higher, the WHO recommendation (13.4-24.1) [ 11 ]. A study done in Debremarkos referral hospital showed that 48.36% prescriptions had injectable [ 15 ], 42.2% was found in Mekelle General Hospital [ 33 ], and 38.1% was revealed in Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital [ 23 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Prescription Completeness and Drug Use Pattern in Tibebe-Ghion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Yilma

Mekonnen

Siraj

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Irrational medicine use is a global problem, and one of its manifestation is inappropriate prescribing that occurs when medicines are not prescribed in accordance with the guideline. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess prescription completeness and drug use pattern of the hospital using the WHO core drug use indicators. Methods. 1000 prescriptions were collected retrospectively from prescriptions written for 1 year from outpatient pharmacies of the hospital. Exit interview was employed to assess patient care indicators. The health facility indicators were checked by assessing the presence of drug formulary and availability of key medicines at the facility. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. It was found that only name of the patients was filled in all the prescriptions. Other informations were below the standard. The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.65. Percentages of encounter by generic name, with antibiotic and injections, were 85.78%, 41%, and 25%, respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed from an essential drug list was 98.48%. The mean consultation time and dispensing time were 14.49 and 2.16 minutes, respectively. More than half patients had knowledge on drug dispensed to them (68%). The percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 65%, but none of the drugs dispensed were adequately labelled. A copy of EDL and 84% of the key drugs were available in the hospital. Conclusion. From the results of our study, it can be concluded that all prescriptions were not complete, and except the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the other drug use pattern indicators were out of the WHO recommendation. Therefore, effective intervention program, like training, for promotion of rational drug use practice was recommended.

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Prescribing Pattern and Associated Factors in Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study Using AWaRe Classification and WHO Antibiotic Prescribing Indicators in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Dereje¹,

Workneh²,

Megersa³

et al. 2023

Drugs - Real World Outcomes

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Background Antimicrobials are drugs that are more likely to trigger the development of resistance naturally. Thus, they need to be prescribed, dispensed, and administered with greater caution. To underline the significance of their proper usage, antibiotics are divided as AWaRe: Access, Watch, and Reserve. Timely evidence on medicine use, prescribing patterns, and the factors affecting prescribing of antibiotic and their use percentage from AWaRe classification would help decision-makers to draft guidelines that can enable more rational use of medicines. Methods Prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted among seven community pharmacies in Dire Dawa to assess current prescribing practices related World Health Organization (WHO) indicators and AWaRe classification including antibiotic use and associated factors. Using stratified random sampling techniques, 1200 encounters were reviewed between 1 October and 31 October 2022, and SPSS version 27 was used for the analysis. Results The average of medications per prescription was 1.96. Antibiotics were included in 47.8% of encounters, while 43.1% were prescribed from the Watch groups. In 13.5% of the encounters, injections were administered. In multivariate models, patient age, gender, and the number of medications prescribed were significantly associated to prescription of antibiotics. Antibiotics were about 2.5 times more likely to be prescribed to patients under the age of 18 years than to subjects 65 years and older [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88–5.42; P < 0.001]. Men were also more likely than women to receive an antibiotic prescription (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.18–2.33; P = 0.011). Subjects who received more than two drugs were 2.96 times more likely to receive an antibiotic drug (AOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.77–6.55; P < 0.003). The probability of prescribing antibiotics was increased by 2.57 for every one-unit increase in the number of medications [crude odds ratio (OR): 2.57; 95% CI: 2.16–3.47; P < 0.002]. Conclusion According to the present study, the amount of prescriptions with antibiotics at community pharmacies is much higher than the WHO standard (20–26.2%). The antibiotics prescribed from Access group were 55.3%, which is slightly lower than WHO recommended level (60%). The prescribing of antibiotics was significantly correlated to the patient’s age, gender, and number of medications. The preprint version of the present study is available on Research Square with the following link: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2547932/v1 .

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Assessment of Drug Prescription Pattern in Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Using World Health Organization Prescribing Indicators

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Rational Use of Medicine Using WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Evaluation of Rational Use of Medicine Using WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Teda and Azezo Health Centers, Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Assessment of Prescription Completeness and Drug Use Pattern in Tibebe-Ghion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Prescribing Pattern and Associated Factors in Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study Using AWaRe Classification and WHO Antibiotic Prescribing Indicators in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

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