Assessment of DNA Damage and Cell Senescence in Corneal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Collected in Guangzhou, China

Gao, Zi-Xun; Song, Xi-Ling; Li, Shanshan; Lai, Xiaorong; Yang, Yulan; Yang, Guang; Li, Zhijie; Cui, Yu-Hong; Pan, Hongwei

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18839

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To elucidate the effects of airborne particulate matter, including PM2.5, on the ocular surface, previous studies using cell lines [12][13][14][15] and human clinical studies 16,17 have been performed. The scenario induced by PM2.5 or related airborne particulates included autophagy, 12,13 DNA damage, and cell senescence in cornea epithelial cells, 14 increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and mucin, 15 and tear osmolarity changes. 16 Previous animal studies addressing PM2.5-induced cornea damage are relatively few.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5

Tang

Chang

Chiang

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Several pieces of epidemiologic evidence have indicated PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 lm or less) as a causing factor of allergic conjunctivitis, but without experimental elucidation of mechanism. In the present study, PM2.5 in solution was directly applied to the mouse ocular surface to elucidate whether PM2.5 might cause allergic conjunctivitis, and its underlying mechanisms were analyzed. METHODS. ICR mice were challenged for 18 consecutive days with eye drops containing PM2.5 at 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mg/mL in 0.9% NaCl saline, along with the controls prepared in parallel without PM2.5 and another control group treated with both PM2.5 at 12.8 mg/mL and artificial tears. On day 19, the whole eyes and meibomian glands were harvested for histopathological analyses and assessment of clinical scoring, tear volume, tear breakup time, and tear ferning. Furthermore, goblet cells by periodic acid Schiff stain and infiltrated eosinophils by Giemsa stain were quantified and compared among study groups. RESULTS. Clinical scoring showed more eyelid edema, tearing, and scratching behaviors, with longer tear breakup time under the influence of increased PM2.5 concentrations. Tear ferning assay showed less tear crystal formation and decreased crystal branches after exposure to PM2.5. In addition, higher goblet cell density in the upper palpebral conjunctiva and extensive eosinophil infiltration in the entire conjunctiva and in the meibomian glands were induced by PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 can induce symptoms similar to clinical allergic conjunctivitis and that the murine acute allergic conjunctivitis model can be induced by direct exposure to PM2.5.

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confidence: 99%

A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5

Tang

Chang

Chiang

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Increases in levels of strand breaks and also in levels of oxidized bases in the epithelium may be observed after transfer of the donor corneas to organ culture ). Environmental stressors such as UV-irradiation and airborne particulate matter have been shown to induce DNA strand breaks in cultivated human and animal epithelial cells (Choy et al 2005;Gao et al 2016). Unrepaired, such damage may act to destabilize cell function through an increased level of transcriptional errors (Ishibashi et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of oxidative DNA damage are low in ex vivo engineered human limbal epithelial tissue

Lorenzo

Berg

Ringvold

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose To examine levels of oxidative DNA base damage and expression of selected genes and proteins related to DNA damage repair in human limbal epithelium engineered ex vivo. Methods Cells were expanded from limbal tissue on cell culture‐treated inserts in medium containing fetal bovine serum, recombinant growth factors, hormones and cholera toxin (COM) and in medium with human serum as the single growth‐promoting additive (HS). Cells were analysed after two, three and four weeks in culture for DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine bases (Comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, Fpg) and for expression of DNA repair enzymes APE1, OGG1 and Polβ by in situ hybridization (ISH) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Levels of strand breaks were substantial while levels of net Fpg‐sensitive sites (8‐oxoguanine and ring‐opened FaPy bases) were relatively low in cells engineered in COM and in HS. Both types of medium were found to support expression of base excision repair (BER) enzymes APE1, OGG1 and Polβ at the gene level. At the protein level, expression of APE1 and OGG1 was noticeable in both conditions while expression of Polβ was low. Conclusion Our findings indicate low levels of oxidative stress and/or efficient DNA purine base damage repair in human limbal epithelium engineered in a medium with human serum as the single growth‐promoting additive as well as in traditional medium with xenobiotics.

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“…Oxidative stress which is an effect of those factors favours damages of cornea and vision impairment. A study stated that PM 2.5 in concentration between 20 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL is genotoxic, it stimulates damages of the DNA and decreases the efficiency of corneal epithelium cells [20].…”

Section: Influence On the Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

How air pollution affects the eyes — a review

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study is to present scientific reports concerning the influence of air pollution on eyes. Air pollution is nowadays a common problem. The most significant pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), particulate matters -PM 10 and PM 2.5 . The main source of toxins in the air are cars, burning of the fuels and burning of the charcoal in household stoves. Most attention is paid to negative effects of air pollution on respiratory system, such as asthma and lung cancer, however, it is worth remembering that influence on the eyes is equally important. Children are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution. Anterior segment of the eye is the most exposed. Substances, which are part of the smog have an irritating effect on the surface of the eye, cause disturbances in the tear film and an inflammation. Medical conditions associated with increased air pollution are mainly eye irritation, conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome (DES), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGB) and blepharitis.

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Assessment of DNA Damage and Cell Senescence in Corneal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Collected in Guangzhou, China

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5

A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5

Levels of oxidative DNA damage are low in ex vivo engineered human limbal epithelial tissue

How air pollution affects the eyes — a review

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