Assessment of diffraction‐enhanced synchrotron imaging for cartilage degeneration of the human knee joint

Abstract

Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a radiographic technology that harnesses the X-ray refraction and scatter rejection properties that are not available with conventional radiography. Here, we test the efficacy of planar DEI to render images from which cartilage degeneration, characteristic of osteoarthritis, can be detected. DEI was carried out on human cadaveric intact knee joints at the X-15 beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The gross specimens and the DEI images were graded separately for levels of cartilage degeneration on six individual surfaces: anterior and posterior femoral and tibial on both medial and lateral sides. There was a significant correlation between the actual levels of cartilage degeneration and what was observed in their respective DEI images (P < 0.05) for all six articular surfaces. Some articular surfaces (patellar surfaces, in particular) could not be visualized because of overlap with superimposed bone. Sensitivity for the graded articular surfaces was 0.73 and specificity was 0.92 (Grade 0 being no lesion and Grades 1-6 being increasing gradations of lesions). Chondrocalcinosis was also observed in DEI images to a far greater extent compared with the conventional radiographs. DEI renders images that are significantly correlated with their actual gross morphology. Detection of lesions was better for more severe grades of degeneration than for partial focal lesions. Although some articular surfaces could not be visualized because of superimposed bone, we feel that DEI has potential for the diagnosis of cartilage lesions and chondrocalcinosis.

Imaging of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

“…Other imaging techniques, including both those in the research phase and those not typically used to image joints may contribute to our diagnostic armamentarium in CPPD. Li et al recently published a study of diffraction-enhanced synchrotron imaging (DEI) in cadaveric knee joints [32]. This technique is based on radiographic technology that harnesses the x-ray refraction and scatter rejection properties not available with conventional radiography and results in very detailed images of articular cartilage.…”

High-energy x-ray Talbot–Lau radiography of a human knee

“…Chondrocalcinosis has already been detetced in the human knee joint gap using diffractionenhanced synchrotron imaging (Li et al 2013). With the translation from a synchrotron facility to grating-based phase-contrast using a medical x-ray tube the scatter-based depiction of CPPD deposits comes closer to application in the clinics.…”

Overview on Prevalence, Etiology, and Management of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Review article

“…Other imaging techniques: Additional imaging modalities, both in the research phase and not often utilized to examine joints, may contribute to our diagnostic arsenal in CPPD. A study of diffractionenhanced synchrotron imaging (DEI) in cadaveric knee joints was recently published by Li et al [22] . This approach is based on radiographic technology that uses xray refraction and scatter rejection features that traditional radiography does not have, resulting in extremely detailed pictures of articular cartilage.…”