“…Indeed, additional immobilization of the NFs on the agar-based phantom (or to the tissues when injected in real biological tissues) in the form of clusters can take place, which can favor detrimental magnetic dipolar interactions and completely frustrate the Brownian relaxation. 49,54,55 A slightly higher SAR reduction was detected when NFs were dispersed in blood plasma (Fig. 3D-iii), due to their partial agglomeration caused by plasma protein adsorption onto the NF surface, further confirming the impact of this effect on SAR values (see Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 62%
“…3-iv). 48,54 The increase in viscosity caused by glycerol resulted in a negligible effect on the NF SAR value. This indicates that the Néel process prevails in the studied NFs.…”
Section: Luminescence and Magnetic Properties Of Ag 2 S Nps And Nfs I...mentioning
Optomagnetic nanofluids (OMNFs) are colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) with combined magnetic and optical properties. They are especially appealing in biomedicine since they can be used as minimally invasive platforms...
“…Indeed, additional immobilization of the NFs on the agar-based phantom (or to the tissues when injected in real biological tissues) in the form of clusters can take place, which can favor detrimental magnetic dipolar interactions and completely frustrate the Brownian relaxation. 49,54,55 A slightly higher SAR reduction was detected when NFs were dispersed in blood plasma (Fig. 3D-iii), due to their partial agglomeration caused by plasma protein adsorption onto the NF surface, further confirming the impact of this effect on SAR values (see Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 62%
“…3-iv). 48,54 The increase in viscosity caused by glycerol resulted in a negligible effect on the NF SAR value. This indicates that the Néel process prevails in the studied NFs.…”
Section: Luminescence and Magnetic Properties Of Ag 2 S Nps And Nfs I...mentioning
Optomagnetic nanofluids (OMNFs) are colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) with combined magnetic and optical properties. They are especially appealing in biomedicine since they can be used as minimally invasive platforms...
“…60 Any alteration in these parameters will lead to considerable changes in the packing arrangements, and this can significantly affect the dipole-dipole or exchange-interactions between the tightly associated cores, which strongly influence the magnetic behaviour of the SPIONs. [165][166][167] Because of this, in general, multicore SPIONs have less uniform magnetic properties than standard single-core formulations, and produce poorer signals in MPI. Despite this, the presence of multiple cores can also be advantageous, if there is proper control of the structure during the synthesis.…”
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tracer-based modality that enables real-time three-dimensional imaging of the non-linear magnetisation produced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in the presence of an...
“…When injected, the tracer spreads from the injection spot through the lymphatic system. Depending on halftime and coating, a tracer will be excreted by the kidneys, phagocytosed by macrophages, or encapsulated by a deposition of plasma proteins [7]. Subsequently, intraoperative harvesting of LNs is facilitated by LN identification using a tracer-specific detector.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Provided with a relatively long half time of the magnetic tracers [16], they are phagocytosed by macrophages and encapsulated by a deposition of plasma. These effects contribute to the trapping of the injected tracer inside the LN [7]. The main advantages of magnetic tracers are the absence of radiation exposure, the lack of regulatory requirements related to radioactivity, and the longer shelf-life compared to a radioactive tracer.…”
Sentinel lymph node harvesting is an essential step in the surgical treatment of a growing number of malignancies. Various techniques are available to facilitate this purpose. The present study reports a new laparoscopic technique for lymph node harvesting using magnetic nanoparticles containing a superparamagnetic iron-oxide core and dextran coating. This study assesses the clinical relevance of the prototype and provides input for further technological development on the way to clinical implementation. Methods: A laparoscopic differential magnetometer prototype was built, utilizing a nonlinear detection principle (differential magnetometry) for magnetic identification of lymph nodes. The iron content sensitivity, depth & spatial sensitivity, and angular sensitivity were analyzed to investigate clinical options. Results: The minimum detectable amount of iron was 9.8 μg at a distance of 1 mm. The detection depth was 5, 8, and 10 mm for samples containing 126, 252, and 504 µg iron, respectively. The maximum lateral detection distance was 5, 7, and 8 mm for samples containing 126, 252, and 504 µg iron, respectively. A sample containing 504 µg iron was detectable at all angulations assessed (0°, 30°, 60° and 90°). Conclusion: The laparoscopic differential magnetometer demonstrates promising results for further investigation and development towards laparoscopic lymph node harvesting using magnetic nanoparticles. Significance: The laparoscopic differential magnetometer facilitates a novel method for sentinel lymph node harvesting, which helps to determine prognosis and treatment of cancer patients.
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