Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at DRR farm located at ICRISAT, Patancheru, in sandy clay loam soils during four seasons, Kharif 2008, Rabi 2008-09, Kharif 2009 and Rabi 2009, to investigate plant growth parameters, water-saving potential, plant root characteristics, chemical, biological and microbial properties of the rhizosphere soil, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by comparing the plants grown with system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, with organic fertilization only or organic + inorganic fertilization, compared with currently recommended best management practices (BMP).All of the growth parameters including plant height, effective tillers, panicle length, dry matter, root dry weight, and root volume were found to be significantly higher with the SRI-organic + inorganic treatments over BMP.With SRI-organic fertilization only, growth parameters showed inconsistent results; however, root dry weight and root volume were found to be significantly greater compared to BMP.Grain yield was found significantly higher in the SRI-organic + inorganic treatments (12−23% and 4−35% in the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively), while with SRI-organic management only, yield was found higher (4−34%) only in the Rabi seasons compared to BMP. On average, 31% and 37% of irrigation water were saved during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, with both SRI methods of rice cultivation compared to BMP. Further, total nitrogen, %organic carbon, soil dehydrogenase, microbial biomass carbon, and total bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were found higher in both sets of SRI trials in comparison to BMP. It is concluded that SRI practices create more favorable conditions for beneficial soil microbes to prosper, save irrigation water, and increase grain yield.

Improving Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice by Changing Crop Establishment Methods, Application of Microbial Inoculations, and Zn Fertilization

“…Singh reported water savings in SRI and ARS over PTR in both the years, in their 2‐year study at New Delhi. Saving of water in SRI over PTR has also been documented . Among the treatments of Zn fertilization and microbial inoculations, yield improvement was more in microbial inoculation, which translated into greater water savings.…”

Influence of fertilizers and rice cultivation methods on the abundance and diversity of phyllosphere microbiome

“…Rice plants grown under different methods of cultivation (such as conventional, [20,21]. Gopalakrishnan et al [22] also observed an increase in the soil microbiological activity, in terms of various enzymes related to nutrient mobilization in the samples from SRI treatment, over those from the conventional method of cultivation.…”

“…Rice plants grown under different methods of cultivation (such as conventional, SRI, and DSR) with/without fertilization, exhibited differences in their physiological activities and microbial populations, as a result of the aerobic/anaerobic ecological milieu in soil bringing about changes in the quantity and forms of nutrients . Gopalakrishnan et al also observed an increase in the soil microbiological activity, in terms of various enzymes related to nutrient mobilization in the samples from SRI treatment, over those from the conventional method of cultivation.…”

Pengelolaan Genangan Air Dangkal untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Padi dengan Kerangka Kerja System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

“…The root systems were healthier with SRI method (50% organic and 50% inorganic) under intermittent condition. It confirmed that SRI methods support better root growth and contributed to increase number of tillers (Gopalakrishnan et al, 2013).…”

“…Previous study also showed that under SRI practice with intermittent irrigation increased the number of tillers (Stoop et al, 2002;Kalsim et al, 2007;Balai Penelitian Tanah, 2011;Gopalakrishnan et al, 2013). The greater number of tillers might be largely due to wider spacing and transplanting of young and single seedlings.…”