Assessment of dietary exposure to bisphenol A in the French population with a special focus on risk characterisation for pregnant French women

Hot topic: Bisphenol A in cow milk and dietary exposure at the farm level

“…In our study, BPA levels of exposure along the milk chain were below the t-TDI value for all age groups of consumers, according to bibliographic data (Bemrah et al, 2014;EFSA, 2015). We observed that (1) the overall BPA intake of a typical Italian consumer might be higher than reported values because of other contaminated food items; (2) a synergistic effect of BPA analogs and other pollutants may occur; and (3) BPA may induce adverse effects and influence human exposure also at low levels (EFSA, 2015).…”

“…In contrast, for older children and adolescents (3-17 yr old), exposure decreased with age (0.05-0.06 µg/kg of BW per day), probably due to the increase in BW relative to food consumption. For adults (18 yr and over), mean dietary exposure ranged from 0.038 to 0.040 µg/kg of BW per day (Bemrah et al, 2014). Slightly higher levels of exposure were reported by EFSA for infants (0.857 µg/kg of BW per day), adolescents (µg/kg of BW per day), and adults (0.388 µg/kg of BW per day; EFSA, 2015).…”

Estimation of in vivo and in vitro exposure to bisphenol A as food contaminant

“…Numerous studies confirmed the occurrence of BPA in the aquatic environment in ng/L or even mg/L concentrations (Focazio et al, 2008;Quednow and Püttmann, 2008;Cladi ere et al, 2013;Mili c et al, 2013;Esteban et al, 2014;Kassotis et al, 2015;Lapworth et al, 2015) and its migration into food (Cunha et al, 2011;Geens et al, 2012a;Bemrah et al, 2014). Canned food is the main source of exposure (Bemrah et al, 2014) to BPA with the levels up to 1858 mg/kg (Sungur et al, 2014). BPA has also been found in non-canned food such as bread, cereals, cheese and fast food, probably as a result of the BPA migration from the packaging paper and/or the contamination during the production (Geens et al, 2012a;Cao et al, 2011).…”

“…BPA is used in a wide range of products including reusable baby bottles, toys, food and drink storage containers, protective coatings for metal cans, thermal paper, adhesives and paints, electronic components, personal computers, CDs and DVDs, sports equipment, medical devices, eyeglass lenses, dental sealants and dental bonding agents (Kang et al, 2006). Numerous studies confirmed the occurrence of BPA in the aquatic environment in ng/L or even mg/L concentrations (Focazio et al, 2008;Quednow and Püttmann, 2008;Cladi ere et al, 2013;Mili c et al, 2013;Esteban et al, 2014;Kassotis et al, 2015;Lapworth et al, 2015) and its migration into food (Cunha et al, 2011;Geens et al, 2012a;Bemrah et al, 2014). Canned food is the main source of exposure (Bemrah et al, 2014) to BPA with the levels up to 1858 mg/kg (Sungur et al, 2014).…”

Bisphenol A: Human exposure and neurobehavior

“…It is 48 present in the epoxy resin that coats canned food and beverages (Bemrah et al 2014; Endocrine-related BPA action mechanisms also involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 140 (AhR), decreasing its activity in vitro (Bonefeld-Jørgensen et al 2007) and, at 141 extremely low doses (0.02 µg/kg/d), upregulating brain mRNA expression of this 142 receptor in vivo (Nishizawa et al 2005). BPA can also reduce aromatase activity in vitro 143 (Bonefeld-Jørgensen et al 2007) and the synthesis of testosterone and estradiol in vivo 144 (Akingbemi et al 2004).…”