Assessment of dermal exposure to chemicals

Hemmen, J.J. van; Brouwer, D.H.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)04617-a

Cited by 67 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pyrethrins and pyrethroids also inhibit the chloride ion channel function at the GABA receptor-ionophore complex (Casida and Lawrence 1985). An additional target proposed for type II pyrethroids is the membrane chloride ion channel (Hemmen and Brouwer 1995). Generally type II pyrethroids decrease the open channel probability of chloride channels, but the type I pyrethroids do not seem to have an effect on the chlorine channel (Breckenridge et al 2009;Symington et al 1999;Burr and Ray 2004).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Pyrethroid Actionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

Prusty¹,

Meena

Mohapatra

et al. 2015

Int Aquat Res

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As a new class of agricultural insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids are widely used to control insect pests. Synthetic pyrethroids have been shown to enter the aquatic environment from agricultural runoff or drift from aerial and ground-based spraying applications posing threat to fishes which are less tolerant to pesticides through direct exposure. These insecticides interfere with the sodium channel of the nervous system resulting in prolonged sodium tail current. Widespread application of these chemicals has warranted the attention of the ecologist to understand the impact of these chemicals on the aquatic environment. In this perspective, an updated account of toxicological evaluation of three type II synthetic pyrethroids, viz. deltamethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate in terms of their physico-chemical, metabolic, hematological, histological, behavioral and reproductive aspects with respect to the fishes has been presented which may be useful for policy makers, academics, environmental scientists and agricultural professionals needing ready access to this information. The aim of the present synoptic literature appraisal was to summarize the main effect of current use, type II synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate) on aquatic environment due to their persistence and accumulation. This article will focus on non-target organisms in inland fresh water environment with special reference to fin fishes and will critically evaluate the toxicity of these pyrethroids in terms of growth inhibition, metabolic disorders, neurotoxicity, reproductive failure, enzymatic dysfunction, haematological alterations, and tissue damages. The rationalized information in this milieu may be useful in ecological risk evaluation and human health management as fish serves as an important bio-indicator for aquatic systems health.

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Section: Mechanism Of Pyrethroid Actionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

Prusty¹,

Meena

Mohapatra

et al. 2015

Int Aquat Res

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show abstract

“…The quantity of a pesticide on a patch is related to the area of the body region to which it is attached on the assumption of uniformity of deposition on the areas of the body. This assumption is the main limitation of this technique which can lead to errors with an under or over estimation of exposure, depending on where the patches had been located [5][6][7]. Nevertheless if these limitations are borne in mind this method can serve as a simple and cost-effective method in a wide range of comparative studies [8][9][10][11][12] for risk evaluation and to identify measures to reduce worker exposure in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Hemmen and Brouwer [5], Fenske [6] and Chester [7] report in their reviews that analytical methods should be validated to select the adequate sampling media (i.e. if the coverall used is able to retain the pesticide in study) as well as the analytical procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique could also be used in conjunction with biological monitoring if the workers own coveralls are used for the study, and no artificial barriers to the pesticide are in place. The use of a coverall to obtain potential dermal exposure, a special underclothing as an estimate of likely skin contamination and biological monitoring to measure the internal dose appears as the most sophisticated tool in exposure assessment [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical method for assessing exposure of greenhouse applicators to procymidone by gas chromatography and whole body dosimetry

et al. 1999

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SummaryAn analytical method for the determination of the potential and actual exposure of agricultural workers to procymidone has been developed. The methodology is based on the whole body technique, using Tyvek ProTech and Sontara as sampling media, and uses hexane extraction, GC-ECD analysis and GC-MSD confirmation. The validation of the analytical method has been carried out incorporating the matrix of coverall in all steps when calculating parameters such as retention time window, limits of detection and quantification, linear ranges and precision. A field sampling strategy has also been developed and the method has been applied to the evaluation of the potential and actual dermal exposure of an applicator and an assistant in normal working conditions.

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“…On the other hand, sampling methods for potential dermal exposure are less complex, often involving the analysis of pesticide extracted from the coverall worn by workers during application. There are two traditional sampling methods; the patch and whole body dosimetry methods [7,14,15]. In addition, biological monitoring of pesticides in urine [7, [16][17][18][19] is a complementary approach that may give an indication of the absorbed dose, which is influenced by factors such as protection by work clothing, rate of skin penetration, and the effect of ambient conditions on dermal absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of potential (inhalation and dermal) and actual exposure to acetamiprid by greenhouse applicators using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Marı́n

Vidal

González

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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Assessment of dermal exposure to chemicals

Cited by 67 publications

References 23 publications

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

Analytical method for assessing exposure of greenhouse applicators to procymidone by gas chromatography and whole body dosimetry

Assessment of potential (inhalation and dermal) and actual exposure to acetamiprid by greenhouse applicators using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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