Assessment of Depression as Comorbidity in Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II) Scale

Hassali

J Pharm Health Serv Res

et al. 2019

Objective The study aimed to develop a novel tool known as patient satisfaction feedback on counselling (PSF) questionnaire and documented patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling using the tool. Methods A 2‐month cross‐sectional study was conducted at Clifton Hospital Pharmacy in Karachi, Pakistan, using a novel questionnaire in both English and Urdu languages after face and content validation. Convenient sampling was employed, and data were analysed by SPSS v22. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Clifton Hospital (Letter#23‐18). Key findings Content validity index and reliability were reported at 0.83 and 0.88. All items loaded on a single factor. A total of 350 patients participated in the study. The response rate was 67.1%. Most patients were adults (70%), married (66%), graduates (64%), employed (42%) and resided in urban localities (92%). Most patients suffered from chronic illness (68%) and had no comorbidity (78%). Half of patients had previous exposure of pharmacist counselling (52%). Average counselling time was around 8–9 min (X = 8.7, SD = 4.3). More than half of patients (56%) were willing to pay an average cost of PKR 346 (US $ 3) for a pharmacist counselling session, and 60% of patients were satisfied with counselling. A significant correlation was reported between patient satisfaction rating and amount willing to pay (q = 0.284, P < 0.001), and duration of counselling (q = 0.592, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients appeared satisfied with counselling. Age, education, comorbidity, illness type and duration, health insurance, number of medicines prescribed, urban residence and previous counselling exposure were determinants of patient satisfaction. Most notable finding was patients' willingness to pay for counselling should this service be charged that increased with patient satisfaction.

“…This also eliminated selection bias. Female patients were reported in more numbers in previous studies . They were more likely to participate as compared to the male patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire

Hassali

J Pharm Health Serv Res

et al. 2019

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a type of chronic illness that requires careful management with medications to keep blood glucose level in recommended range (Abahussain and El-Zubier, 2005;World Health Organization, 2010;Abbas et al, 2015). The disease could result in micro and macro vascular complications that have serious short and long-term repercussions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patient adherence to anti diabetic medication therapy results in better control of disease and may help to keep Hb A1c in recommended range (Al Dawish et al, 2016). There is a plethora of studies that highlight the importance of adhering to medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Al-Nozha et al, 2004;Abahussain and El-Zubier, 2005;Abbas et al, 2015;Al Dawish et al, 2016). However, it is imperative to improve patients' disease knowledge to achieve high adherence to therapy (Yeh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Disease Knowledge and Medication Adherence Among Out-Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Khobar, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the association between disease knowledge and medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted for three months, in patients with type 2 diabetes who visited three community pharmacies located in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Patients' disease knowledge and their adherence to medications were documented using Arabic versions of the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test and the General Medication Adherence Scale respectively. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 23. Chi-square test was used to report association of demographics with adherence. Spearman's rank correlation was employed to report the relationship among Hb A1c values, disease knowledge and adherence. Logistic regression model was utilized to report the determinants of medication adherence and their corresponding adjusted odds ratio. Study was approved by concerned ethical committee (IRB-UGS-2019-05-001).Results: A total of 318 patients consented to participate in the study. Mean Hb A1c value was 8.1%. A third of patients (N = 105, 33%) had high adherence and half of patients (N = 162, 50.9%) had disease knowledge between 51% -75%. A significantly weak-tomoderate and positive correlation (r = 0.221, p < 0.01) between medication adherence and disease knowledge was reported. Patients with >50% correct answers in the diabetes knowledge test questionnaire were more likely to be adherent to their medications (AOR 4.46, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Disease knowledge in most patients was average and half of patients had high-to-good adherence. Patients with better knowledge were 4 to 5 times more likely to have high adherence. This highlights the importance of patient education and awareness regarding medication adherence in managing diabetes.

“…Although the results of numerous studies have shown that there is a mutual link between hypertension and depression, there are still scarce data on the overall prevalence of depression in patients with hypertension [8]. Most of the time, depression is not considered an important factor, often ignored and left untreated [9]. To muddle through the everyday tribulations involved in supervision and handling of disease is barely challenging for patients but parallel for caretakers and healthcare professionals [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Prevalence of Depression Among Hypertensive and Diabetic Subjects

Berad

Pal

Veenavani

2019

IJMBS

Introduction: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and depression are among the group of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and according to numerous studies they are oftentimes associated. Patients suffering from lifestyle diseases may have increased depression levels in relation with long-term management of these diseases. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. 100 subjects were included in study. Patients were given preformed proforma to fill the data regarding socio-demographic profile and status of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Major depression inventory tool was used to assess depression. Results: Study shows out of 100 subjects 44 subjects were having depression and 56 subjects were nondepressed. 37.5 % of diabetic subjects were having depression. 43.75% of hypertensive subjects were having depression. 60% of subjects those who were suffering from hypertension and diabetes both were depressed. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high in patients with diabetes and has a considerable impact on the consequences of diabetes and quality of life too.