Assessment of dental personal protective equipment (PPE) and the relationship between manual dexterity and dissemination of aerosol and splatter during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chen, I-Hui; Lin, Chia-Hua; Liao, Yi-Syuan; Yang, Pei-Wen; Jao, Ya-Ting; Chen, Tsung-En; Du, Je‐Kang

doi:10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.021

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The clinician established both of these techniques during their years in clinical practice and is further supported by I.‐H. Chen et al ( 2022 ) who found proficiency and experience lead to reduced splatter distance. Moreover, suction was maintained at all times while ultrasonic scaling was being performed, with the assistant suctioning at exact intraoral locations for high volume and saliva ejector, or maintaining a funnel at approximately 2.5 cm away from the volunteer's mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic

Emery¹,

Reed²,

McCracken³

2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the ensuing rise of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted healthcare unprecedentedly. With the scarcity of available resources, including healthcare providers themselves, novel methods for tracking aerosol and splatter in real time are required to alleviate demand and increase safety. This study evaluates the utility of riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) as a tracer for splatter/aerosol distribution from ultrasonic scaling in an open operatory clinic.Material and Methods: In two experimental designs, ultrasonic scaling was performed on 18 volunteers or simulated on a manikin. Riboflavin was introduced into the irrigation system, and aerosol and splatter dissemination were evaluated for both experimental designs.Results: Ultrasonic scaling utilizing riboflavin solution, in volunteers and manikins, leads to observable particle fluorescence under UV light. Contamination distribution varied across the different suction methods and between the volunteer and manikin trials. Nearly all observed incidences of contamination occurred within the operatory in use.Conclusions: Riboflavin can be used with minimal risk during dental procedures and allows for the detection of droplet spread in clinical settings in real time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic

Emery¹,

Reed²,

McCracken³

2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…It has been recently published that a full mask (even protecting the doctor’s neck) should be worn [ 12 ]. Wearing the disposable gown/overall before the pandemic was not an option for the vast majority (58.04%) in our study before the pandemic, and this changed to 37.50% of them who used it all the time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of SARS-CoV-2 Prevention Methods in Dental Offices—A Cross-Sectional Study in Bucharest, Romania

Nicolescu,

Lupu,

Georgescu

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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We compared the managing of prevention methods for SARS-CoV-2 infections in dental offices before and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to find out the varieties of infection prevention methods used by dentists before and during the pandemic and compare them. We designed a digital transversal questionnaire with 15 closed questions that was sent to 150 dentists in Bucharest, Romania. We received n = 112 valid answers during July-August 2021 from dentists of all age groups (25–60 years), with a sex ratio of 0.36, which agreed to anonymously participate in this study. The results showed an increase in types and amount of personal protection equipment (i.e., ocular/facial protection, supplemental gown, and upgrading the FFP1 masks to FFP2 or FFP3). Ocular protection showed statistical significance by gender but not by age group. Vaccination rate against SARS-CoV-2 was at 80% of the participant dentists at the time of the survey and had statistical significance. However, vaccination status of the patients did not alter dentists’ protection protocol.

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“…Protecting the face with a mask, goggles, and a face shield is, therefore, urgently recommended [ 53 ]. Further studies indicate the importance of face shields and their effect on reducing facial contamination [ 47 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Contamination Potential Of the Personal Protective Equipment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 47 ]. Chen et al demonstrated that when teeth were cleaned with water containing red pigments, every single waterproof protective gown was contaminated [ 54 ].…”

Section: Contamination Potential Of the Personal Protective Equipment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study investigating face shield and mask contamination after teeth had been cleaned with water containing red pigments using an oversized face shield could show that the face shield was contaminated in all cases, but the mask not at all, neither outside nor inside. Oversizing the face shield could explain the different results [ 54 ].…”

Section: Protection Of Masks and Against Aerosols By Face Shield And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial contamination potential of personal protective equipment itself in dental aerosol-producing treatments

Gund,

Naim,

Rupf

et al. 2023

Odontology

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) has long been a high priority in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Since COVID-19 pandemic, its importance has increased yet again. While importance of PPE in preventing transmission and thus possible infection of pathogens is well known, contamination potential of PPE after treatment itself is less investigated. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature and contamination potential (viral, blood, bacterial) of components of protective equipment itself. The literature search was performed using the Medline database; furthermore, a hand search was conducted. Last search took place on 23 November 2022. Two categories of hygiene-related keywords were formed (category A: mask, face shield, goggles, eyewear, personal protective equipment; category B: contamination, aerosol). Each keyword from one category was combined with all keywords from the other one. In addition, the keyword “dental” was always added. First, a title and abstract screening was performed. Afterward, a full-text analysis was followed for the included studies. A total of 648 search hits were found in the Medline database. 47 were included after title and abstract screening. 22 studies were excluded after full-text analysis, 25 studies were included. The hand search resulted in 4 studies that were included. Bacterial contamination of PPE after treatment has been adequately studied, contamination with blood less. Microorganisms mainly originate from the oral and cutaneous flora; however, a transmission of potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was also described. Studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. No measures have yet been described that fully protect the protective equipment from contamination. There is growing awareness that PPE itself can be a source of pathogen transmission, and thus possible infection. Therefore, not only wearing of protective clothing, but also conscious handling of it is crucial for transmission and possible infection prevention. However, studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. Several studies have investigated what measures can be taken to protect the protective equipment itself. So far, none of the methods evaluated can prevent contamination of PPE.

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Assessment of dental personal protective equipment (PPE) and the relationship between manual dexterity and dissemination of aerosol and splatter during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic

Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic

Management of SARS-CoV-2 Prevention Methods in Dental Offices—A Cross-Sectional Study in Bucharest, Romania

Bacterial contamination potential of personal protective equipment itself in dental aerosol-producing treatments

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