Assessment of cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes and in exfoliated nasal cells of dental laboratory technicians exposed to chromium, cobalt, and nickel

Determination of Selected Heavy Metal Levels in Scalp Hair and Fingernail Samples from Dental Laboratory Technicians

“…Thus, it could be seen that Ni represents approximately 60% or more of the composition of these alloys, whereas, the other elements were less than Ni content. Previous researcher have reported that the concentrations of Cr, Co and Ni in the urine of dental technicians were significantly elevated, confirming the occupational exposure effect to these metals, Co concentration was higher than the level of Cr and Ni [3], the alloys used in those laboratories that were investigated in (Ankara) were; Wironit (Co 64%, Cr 28%, Mo 5.0%), Remanium CD (Co 65%, Cr 26%, Mo 4.5%), Remanium GM380 (Co 64.5%, Cr 29%, Mo 4.5%), and also Formalloy C (Cr 30%, Ni 60%, Mo 5.0%), Ceraplus S (Cr 23%, Ni 62%, Mo 10%) and Remanium CS (Cr 26%, Ni 61%, Mo 11%). This may explain why the Co level was higher than Cr and Ni, since Co represents approximately more than 60% of the composition of three out of the six alloys that are used in the laboratory investigated.…”

“…Dental technicians have a high 37 µg/g, and 12.0 µg/g respectively) in hair samples compared with medical technicians (0.04 µg/g, 0.0 µg/g, and 6.3 µg/g respectively), the difference was significant for the three heavy metals Co, Cr and Ni (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001 respectively). The explanation of these differences is due to nature of work and environment of laboratory; dental technicians exposed to heavy metal through inhalation and skin absorption by production of dental prosthesis such as crown, bridge and the metal framework of removable partial denture, the environment of dental laboratory may have also airborne contamination from dust and metal [3,7,8].…”

“…The substances to which dental technicians are exposed include heavy metals from the base metal alloys and some other materials that are used in the fabrication of dental prosthesis [3]. Indeed, base metal alloys have become widely used in dental practice as cast materials and especially used for the construction of metal core in metal-ceramic restorations and the construction of Co-Cr metal framework of removable partial denture (RPD) (cobalt-chromium) [4][5][6].…”

In vivo determination of genotoxicity induced by metals from orthodontic appliances using micronucleus and comet assays

“…Some metallic elements present in orthodontic appliances, such as nickel and chromium, are known to be potential carcinogenic and mutagenic agents (Currents Conferences, 1984;Oller et al, 1997;Novelli et al, 1998;Wataha, 2000;Dayan and Paine, 2001;Burgaz et al, 2002;Costa, 2002;Zoroddu et al, 2002). The amount of metals released from orthodontic appliances in saliva or blood samples was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations (Kocadereli et al, 2000;Ağaoğlu et al, 2001).…”

Determination of Ni(II) in metal alloys by spectrophotometry UV-Vis using dopasemiquinone

“…The cobalt-chromium metallic alloy was developed in the early 60s, constituted of 40% cobalt, 20% chromium, 15% nickel, 15.8% iron, 7% molybdenum, 2% manganese, 0.16% carbon and 0.04% beryllium, being commercialized under the name "Elgiloy", with properties very similar to steel, but with better malleability. 24 The toxicity of Ni(II) for human beings is known. It causes damage to the central nervous system, heart and kidneys, a reduction in the immunological capacity of the organism, eczema, allergic inflammations and carcinomas of the mucous and pulmonary membranes.…”