Assessment of cross-flow filtration for the size fractionation of freshwater colloids and particles

Size fractionation and characterization of nanocolloidal particles in soils

“…3) show that the dominant materials were almost uniform in size, with a diameter of about 20 nm, suggesting that the CFF system could effectively retain particles smaller than the nominal pore size. Similar results were observed in the TEM examination of the JH-4 and FY-1 nanocolloids and have been reported from other studies (Doucet et al 2005).…”

“…Natural colloids are mixed complexes of silicates, inorganic oxides and humic substances (Doucet et al 2004(Doucet et al , 2005 with a broad particle size distribution and diversity of shapes (Baalousha et al 2006). Colloids in soil and water are involved in the adsorption, transport, and transformation of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and nutrients (Means and Wijayaratne 1982;McCarthy and Zachara 1989;Orlandini et al 1990; Ledin et al 1995;Lead et al 1997Lead et al , 1999Doucet et al 2001).…”

“…The primary requirements for sampling and fractionation of colloids are reliability, lack of bias, and minimum perturbation of their native forms (Baalousha et al 2005). A wide variety of techniques have been applied to fractionate colloids, including split-thin flow fractionation (SPLIFF) (Contado et al 2003), flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF) (Benedetti et al 2002;Lyvén et al 2003;Baalousha et al 2005Baalousha et al , 2006, sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) (Ranville et al 1999;Ran et al 2000), and cross-flow filtration (CFF, also called tangential flow filtration (TFF)) (Guo et al 2000;Hoffmann et al 2000;Wilding et al 2004;Doucet et al 2004Doucet et al , 2005. Among these fractionation techniques cross-flow filtration has perhaps been the most widely used (Powell et al 1996;Stordal et al 1996;Benoit and Rozan 1999;Guéguen et al 2002).…”

Particulate Phases Possibly Conveyed from Nuclear Waste Repositories by Groundwater

“…For the same purpose, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (e.g., Doucet et al, 2005; are used as well.…”

Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

“…CFUF is also known to be prone to artefacts if the procedure and membrane selection are not optimized carefully. There are several studies that have examined both experimental setup and operating conditions to obtain good recovery and as precise a cut -off as possible in both seawater and freshwater (Guo et al , 2000 ;Larsson et al , 2002 ;Morrison and Benoit, 2004 ;Doucet et al , 2005 ). Ultrafi ltration can not only be used to fractionate the samples, but also to obtain a concentration factor (1 -100) but this increased concentration of natural colloids does change their physicochemical properties (e.g.…”