Assessment of coupled regional climate model (RegCM4.6–CLM4.5) for Indian summer monsoon

Maharana, P.; Kumar, D. Nagesh; Dimri, A. P.

doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04947-2

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Among the main biases is an underestimation of precipitation by 2 to 6 mm/day over some central regions of India (Figure 2c). This problem is however common to many global and regional models over the Indian subcontinent, and in fact, our model performance is in line with most previous studies ( This dry bias may be associated with reduced soil moisture availability simulated by CLM4.5 (Maharana et al, 2019).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 91%

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Near‐Future Anthropogenic Aerosol Emission Scenarios and Their Direct Radiative Effects on the Present‐Day Characteristics of the Indian Summer Monsoon

et al. 2020

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Various air pollution mitigation scenarios have been proposed to improve the existing severe air quality problem over South Asia. Here we use a regional climate model to examine the response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) to two projected anthropogenic aerosol emission scenarios (a) short‐lived climate pollutant “mitigation” scenario (2020–2030) and (b) current legislation “baseline” scenario (2005–2015). In the mitigation scenario, carbonaceous aerosol (black carbon and organic carbon) emissions are projected to decrease while sulfate emissions are projected to increase. This is expected to result in a marginal increase in anthropogenic aerosol optical depth over India (by 0.04–0.08). The dominating effect of scattering aerosols over absorbing aerosols in the mitigation scenario is expected to enhance atmospheric cooling over the Indian landmass, which in turn dampens the latitudinal thermal gradient and leads to a weakening of the ISM. This effect also reduces dust emissions over the Arabian Peninsula and transport across the Arabian Sea, decreasing the influence of the dust radiative feedback on the ISM. In addition, the increased amounts of sulfate and decreased amounts of carbonaceous aerosols are expected to result in drier conditions over the central parts of India. We also show that changes in emissions of different types of anthropogenic aerosols induce a chain of feedbacks, which can modulate the space‐time variability of dust, thereby affecting the magnitude of dust radiative effects on the ISM dynamics. We conclude that it is critical from the policy point of view to implement strategies to cut the currently increasing sulfate emissions.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Model Performancesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This problem is however common to many global and regional models over the Indian subcontinent, and in fact, our model performance is in line with most previous studies (Mishra et al, ; Singh et al, ; Sperber et al, ). This dry bias may be associated with reduced soil moisture availability simulated by CLM4.5 (Maharana et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Future Anthropogenic Aerosol Emission Scenarios and Their Direct Radiative Effects on the Present‐Day Characteristics of the Indian Summer Monsoon

et al. 2020

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“…Figure 1; Bookhagen and Burbank, 2006;Dimri et al, 2015). The Himalaya is also known as the Third Pole as they contain a large amount of frozen water outside the polar region, which together with the Indian summer and winter monsoons (Dimri et al, 2016;Maharana et al, 2019), ensures that the rivers originating from the Himalaya plausibly never run dry (c.f. Figure 1; Bolch et al, 2019a;Immerzeel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Water In the Himalaya Along Different Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

et al. 2022

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The Himalaya plays a vital role in regulating the freshwater availability for nearly a billion people living in the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra River basins. Due to climate change and constantly evolving human-hydrosphere interactions, including land use/cover changes, groundwater extraction, reservoir or dam construction, water availability has undergone significant change, and is expected to change further in the future. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the hydrological cycle over the Himalaya and its river basins has been one of the most critical exercises toward ensuring regional water security. However, due to the lack of extensive in-situ measurements, complex hydro-climatic environment, and limited collaborative efforts, large gaps in our understanding exist. Moreover, there are several significant issues with available studies, such as lack of consistent hydro-meteorological datasets, very few attempts at integrating different data types, limited spatiotemporal sampling of hydro-meteorological measurements, lack of open access to in-situ datasets, poorly accounted anthropogenic climate feedbacks, and limited understanding of the hydro-meteorological drivers over the region. These factors result in large uncertainties in our estimates of current and future water availability over the Himalaya, which constraints the development of sustainable water management strategies for its river catchments hampering our preparedness for the current and future changes in hydro-climate. To address these issues, a partnership development workshop entitled “Water sEcurity assessment in rIvers oriGinating from Himalaya (WEIGH),” was conducted between the 07th and 11th September 2020. Based on the intense discussions and deliberations among the participants, the most important and urgent research questions were identified. This white paper synthesizes the current understanding, highlights, and the most significant research gaps and research priorities for studying water availability in the Himalaya.

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“…Additionally, extreme precipitation has significantly increased, whereas moderate precipitation has significantly decreased over the half-century (1951-2000) (Goswami et al, 2006;Rajeevan and Bhate, 2009). Previous research has also shown a sensitivity of land properties to regional or local scale climate change for the Indian region specifically on summer monsoon (Paul et al, 2016;Paul et al, 2018;Chawla et al, 2018;Maharana et al, 2019;Parida et al, 2020) and yearly temperature variations (Cao et al, 2020) using Weather Research Forecast (WRF) and Regional Climatic Model (RegCM). Weather Research Forecast-Advanced Weather Forecast (WRF-ARW) is a mesoscale and numerical weather prediction (NWP) for atmospheric research and forecasting systems (Skamarock et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

Lal

Shekhar

Kumar

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The large-scale Land-Uses and Land-Cover Changes (LULCC) in India in the past several decades is primarily driven by anthropogenic factors that influence the climate from regional to global scales. Therefore, to understand the LULCC over the Indian region from 2002 to 2015 and its implications on temperature and precipitation, we performed Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model simulation using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data for the period 2009 to 2015 as a boundary condition with 2009 as spin-up time. The results showed moderate forest cover loss in major parts of northeast India, and the Himalayan region during 2002–2015. Such large LULC changes, primarily significant alteration of grassland and agriculture from the forest, led to increased precipitation due to increasing evapotranspiration (ET) similar to the forest-dominated regions. An increase in the precipitation patterns (>300 mm) was observed in the parts of eastern and western Himalayas, western Ghats, and the northwestern part of central India, while most parts of northeast Himalayas have an exceptional increase in precipitation (∼100–150 mm), which shows similar agreement with an increase of leaf area index (LAI) by ∼15%. The overall phenomenon leads to a greening-induced ET enhancement that increases atmospheric water vapor content and promotes downwind precipitation. In the case of temperature, warming was observed in the central to eastern parts of India, while cooling was observed in the central and western parts. The increase in vegetated areas over northwest India led to an increase in ET, which ultimately resulted in decreased temperature and increased precipitation. The study highlights the changes in temperature and precipitation in recent decades because of large LULCC and necessitates the formulation of sustainable land use-based strategies to control meteorological variability and augment ecological sustainability.

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Assessment of coupled regional climate model (RegCM4.6–CLM4.5) for Indian summer monsoon

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Near‐Future Anthropogenic Aerosol Emission Scenarios and Their Direct Radiative Effects on the Present‐Day Characteristics of the Indian Summer Monsoon

Near‐Future Anthropogenic Aerosol Emission Scenarios and Their Direct Radiative Effects on the Present‐Day Characteristics of the Indian Summer Monsoon

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

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