Assessment of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis using smartphone-based training games: a feasibility study

Abstract

Background Cognitive impairment occurs in up to 70% of people with MS (pwMS) and has a large impact on quality of life and working capacity. As part of the development of a smartphone-app (dreaMS) for monitoring MS disease activity and progression, we assessed the feasibility and acceptance of using cognitive games as assessment tools for cognitive domains. Methods We integrated ten cognitive games in the dreaMS app. Participants were asked to play these games twice a week for 5 weeks. All subjects underwent a battery of established neuropsychological tests. User feedback on acceptance was obtained via a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. We correlated game performance measures with predetermined reference tests (Spearman’s rho) and analyzed differences between pwMS and Healthy Controls (rank biserial correlation). Results We included 31 pwMS (mean age 43.4 ± 12.0 years; 68% females; median Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.0, range 1.0–6.0) and 31 age- and sex-matched HC. All but one game showed moderate–strong correlations with their reference tests, (|rs|= 0.34–0.77). Performance improved in both groups over the 5 weeks. Average ratings for overall impression and meaningfulness were 4.6 (range 4.2–4.9) and 4.7 (range 4.5–4.8), respectively. Conclusion Moderate–strong correlations with reference tests suggest that adaptive cognitive games may be used as measures of cognitive domains. The practice effects observed suggest that game-derived measures may capture change over time. All games were perceived as enjoyable and meaningful, features crucial for long-term adherence. Our results encourage further validation of adaptive cognitive games as monitoring tools for cognition in larger studies of longer duration. Study Register ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04413032.

Role of Smartphone Applications in the Assessment and Management of Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

“…Although there are many types of mHTs in this field, they are generally commercially available smartphone applications that allow patients to actively participate in the management of their disease, not only by monitoring their daily routine through reports and diaries but also by receiving treatment reminders and specific lifestyle advice from specialists [11]. In addition, they often provide access to simple exercises and games designed not only to assess one's performance over time but also to improve it in a simple, fun, and engaging way for the patient [12]. However, the integration of mHT in MS management is not always obvious.…”