Assessment of code bias variations of BDS triple-frequency signals and their impacts on ambiguity resolution for long baselines

Lou, Yidong; Gong, Xiaopeng; Gu, Shengfeng; Zheng, Fu; Feng, Yanming

doi:10.1007/s10291-016-0514-4

Cited by 85 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As indicated by ground-based BDS data, strong low-frequency elevation-dependent variations are observed for BDS IGSOs and MEOs, and can be well modeled as piece-wise linear functions or polynomials with respect to elevation angles [28,29], while the GEOs multipath generally exhibits similar signatures to IGSOs but shows poorer fitness [29]. These are seen as the multipath errors induced by the BDS satellites.…”

Section: Multipath Modeling and Validationmentioning

confidence: 90%

GPS and BeiDou Differential Code Bias Estimation Using Fengyun-3C Satellite Onboard GNSS Observations

Shi

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Differential code biases (DCBs) are important parameters in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) applications such as positioning as well as ionosphere remote sensing. In comparison to the conventional approach, which utilizes ground-based observations and parameterizes global ionosphere maps together with DCBs, a method is presented for GPS and BeiDou system (BDS) satellite DCB estimation using onboard observations from the Chinese Fengyun-3C (FY3C) satellite. One month worth of GPS and BDS data during March 2015 was exploited and the GPS C1C-C2W and BDS C2I-C7I DCBs were explored. To improve DCB estimation precision, the dual frequency carrier phase measurements leveled by code measurements were used to form basic observation equation. Code multipath errors of the FY3C onboard GPS/BDS observations were assessed and modeled as grid maps, and their impact on DCB estimation was analyzed. By correcting code multipath errors, the stability of DCB estimates was improved by 5.0%, 3.1%, 16.2% and 13.6% for GPS, and BDS geosynchronous orbit satellites (GEOs), inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit satellites (IGSOs) and medium Earth orbit satellites (MEOs), respectively. The monthly stability of FY3C-based DCBs was at the order of 0.1 ns for GPS satellites, 0.2 ns for BDS GEOs and 0.1 ns for BDS IGSOs and MEOs. By comparison to the ground-based DCB products issued by other institutions, FY3C-based DCBs showed stability degradation for BDS C02 and C05 satellites, while, for other satellites, the stability reached a similar or even superior level. The estimated FY3C receiver DCB stability was at the order of 0.2 ns for both GPS and BDS. In addition to the DCB estimates, the obtained vertical total electron content above the FY3C satellite orbit was also investigated and its realism was examined in physical and numerical aspects.

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Section: Multipath Modeling and Validationmentioning

confidence: 90%

GPS and BeiDou Differential Code Bias Estimation Using Fengyun-3C Satellite Onboard GNSS Observations

Shi

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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“…We also introduce one more virtual GF and IF code signal :

P_{123} = P_{1} - ((),, α_{1} P_{13} + α_{2} P_{32}) = b_{1} - ((),, α_{1} b_{13} + α_{2} b_{32})

where α 1 = 1.6392 , α 2 = − 0.6392.…”

Section: Models For Code Biases In Bds Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-area Kinematic Positioning with BeiDou Triple-frequency Signals

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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A key challenge of wide-area kinematic positioning using the BeiDou system is to reduce the effects of the elevation-dependent hardware biases in code signals. Based on three geometry-free/ionosphere-free combinations, the elevation-dependent code biases are modeled for all BeiDou satellites. Results from the data sets for 5 baselines of 533 to 2545 km demonstrate that the wide-lane (WL) integer-fixing success rates of 95% to 99% can be achieved within 50 independent epochs. Under the condition of HDOP less than 2, the overall RMS statistics of ionospheric-free WL single-epoch solutions achieve 24 to 50 cm in the horizontal direction. Smoothing processing over the moving window of 40 epochs reduces the RMS values by a factor of about 2. Considering the distanceindependent nature, the above results show the potential for achieving reliable and high-precision positioning with sparsely distributed ground stations regionally or globally.

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“…These systematic biases have a significant impact on AR using HMW combinations, as thoroughly discussed by Zhang et al [31] and a model correction is required before data processing [32].…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Triple-Frequency Code-Phase Combination Determination: A Comparison with the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena Combination Using BDS Signals

et al. 2018

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Considering the influence of the ionosphere, troposphere, and other systematic errors on double-differenced ambiguity resolution (AR), we present an optimal triple-frequency code-phase combination determination method driven by both the model and the real data. The new method makes full use of triple-frequency code measurements (especially the low-noise of the code on the B3 signal) to minimize the total noise level and achieve the largest AR success rate (model-driven) under different ionosphere residual situations (data-driven), thus speeding up the AR by directly rounding. With the triple-frequency Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data collected at five stations from a continuously-operating reference station network in Guangdong Province of China, different testing scenarios are defined (a medium baseline, whose distance is between 20 km and 50 km; a medium-long baseline, whose distance is between 50 km and 100 km; and a long baseline, whose distance is larger than 100 km). The efficiency of the optimal code-phase combination on the AR success rate was compared with that of the geometry-free and ionosphere-free (GIF) combination and the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena (HMW) combination. Results show that the optimal combinations can always achieve better results than the HMW combination with B2 and B3 signals, especially when the satellite elevation angle is larger than 45 • . For the wide-lane AR which aims to obtain decimeter-level kinematic positioning service, the standard deviation (STD) of ambiguity residuals for the suboptimal combination are only about 0.2 cycles, and the AR success rate by directly rounding can be up to 99%. Compared with the HMW combinations using B1 and B2 signals and using B1 and B3 signals, the suboptimal combination achieves the best results in all baselines, with an overall improvement of about 40% and 20%, respectively. Additionally, the STD difference between the optimal and the GIF code-phase combinations decreases as the baseline length increases. This indicates that the GIF combination is more suitable for long baselines. The proposed optimal code-phase combination determination method can be applied to other multi-frequency global navigation satellite systems, such as new-generation BDS, Galileo, and modernized GPS.

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Assessment of code bias variations of BDS triple-frequency signals and their impacts on ambiguity resolution for long baselines

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

GPS and BeiDou Differential Code Bias Estimation Using Fengyun-3C Satellite Onboard GNSS Observations

GPS and BeiDou Differential Code Bias Estimation Using Fengyun-3C Satellite Onboard GNSS Observations

Wide-area Kinematic Positioning with BeiDou Triple-frequency Signals

Triple-Frequency Code-Phase Combination Determination: A Comparison with the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena Combination Using BDS Signals

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