Assessment of Circulating Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF)-1 as Prognostic Marker of Diabetes-Induced Tubular Atrophy

Portulaca oleracea L seed extracts counteract diabetic nephropathy through SDF-1/IL10/PPARγ–mediated tuning of keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB transcription in Sprague Dawley rats

“…While the SDF-1 pleiotropic chemokine can perpetuate renal inflammation by activating the infiltration of CXCR4 + immune cells into the renal tissues [ 41 ], the levels of circulating SDF-1 herein were positively correlated with the expression of the renoprotective Nrf2, HO-1, and IL-10 genes, while inversely correlated with that of the proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, Keap1 and NF-κB genes expression, which agrees with other studies reporting the immunoregulatory and antioxidative abilities of SDF-1 [ 42 ]. Such contradiction was partly resolved by assuming that the role of SDF-1 in the course of DN; whether renoprotective or detrimental, is largely dictated by the levels of blood glucose [ 43 ], which was consolidated by the pattern of SDF-1 correlations observed under FBG-controlled conditions. Additionally, the nuclear receptor PPARγ; particularly the CLA-activated, is reported to interrupt the SDF-1/CXCR inflammatory signaling by abrogating the CXCR4 gene expression [ 35 , 44 ], which interprets the higher improvement observed in MC-treated kidneys on the functional and structural levels.…”