Assessment of chitosan nanoparticles in improving the efficacy of nitazoxanide on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent murine models

Moawad, Howayda; Hegab, Mohamed H. A.; Badawey, Maha S.; ASHOUSH, SHAIMAA; Ibrahim, Shereen Mahmoud; Ali, Amira Abd El-Lateef Saleh

doi:10.1007/s12639-020-01337-y

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Variable degree of improvement of histopathological changes in the small intestinal and liver tissues was detected following prophylactic treatment with green Tea (GI), therapeutic treatment with green Tea (GII), and NTZ treatment (GIII) groups, with the best results detected in GII treated with green tea. In line with our results, previous studies on immunosuppressed mice have documented that NTZ treatment is not fully effective, with limited efficacy in infected intestinal sections (Taha et al, 2017;Moawad et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice

et al. 2022

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Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite, is an important cause of diarrheal disease,especially in immunodeficient hosts. Nevertheless, there is no entirely successful therapeutic agent against cryptosporidiosis to date. Hence, this study aims to test the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice versus the nowadays used drug, Nitazoxanide (NTZ).Parasitological and molecular methods were used to characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts before infection. Fifty bred femaleSwissAlbino mice were divided into 5 groups; group I (GI)(GTP):immunosuppressed and prophylactically treated with green tea extractfor 5 days prior to infection,group II (GII)(GTT):immunosuppressed, infected with Cryptosporidium parvum and treated with green tea extract, group III (GIII)(NT): immunosuppressed, infected and treated with NTZ, group IV (GIV)(PC): immunosuppressed and infected (Positive control), group V (GV)(NC): immunosuppressed and non-infected (Negative control).Furthermore, parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool, and histopathological examination for the small intestine and liver specimens were performed for the study groups.Cryptosporidium oocysts used for induction of infection proved to beCryptosporidium parvumgenotype 2. Moreover, a significant oocyst reduction in fecal samples correlated with an improvement of histopathological changesin the small intestinal and liver tissues in GI(GTP), GII(GTT)and GIII(NT) groups. Besides, the GII(GTT)group showed the best improvement inparasitological andhistopathological parametersamong the test groups.This study revealed that Camellia sinensis(green tea extract) has potential activity against cryptosporidiosis and could serve as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic anti-cryptosporidial agent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, in comparison to the control group, a significant improvement of the intestinal pathological changes was noticed in all treated mice, except in the NTZ-treated group, which showed no significant difference. Furthermore, previous studies performed on immunosuppressed mice, have reported a limited efficacy of single NTZ treatment in infected intestinal sections (Sadek & El-Aswad, 2014;Taha et al, 2017;Moawad et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiparasitic and immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and selenium on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice

Fahmy

Abdel-Aal

Hassan

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The present work aims to investigate the antiparasitic and the immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and ivermectin (IVC) alone or combined together or combined with selenium (Se), on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice. The results revealed that the combined NTZ and IVC therapy achieved the highest reduction of fecal oocysts (92%), whereas single NTZ showed the lowest reduction (63%). Also, adding Se to either NTZ or IVC resulted in elevation of oocyst reduction from 63% to 71% and from 82% to 84% respectively. All treatment regimens, with the exception of NTZ monotherapy, showed a significant improvement in the intestinal histopathology, the highest score was in combined NTZ and IVC therapy. The unique results of immunohistochemistry in this study showed reversal of the normal CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in the infected untreated mice, however, following therapy it reverts back to a normal balanced ratio. The combined (NTZ+ IVC) treatment demonstrated the highest level of CD4 T cell expression. Taken together, NTZ and IVC combined therapy showed remarkable anti-parasitic and immunostimulatory effects, specifically towards the CD4 population that seem to be promising in controlling cryptosporidiosis in diabetic individuals. Further research is required to explore other effective treatment strategies for those comorbid patients.

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“…Group. III: infected and treated with nitazoxanide in a dose of 200 mg/kg daily for 7 successive days after infection 10 . Group.…”

Section: Groups Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitazoxanide, a high-dose waterinsoluble antiprotozoal drug, was developed with the aim of modulating gastro-retentive dosage forms using super porous hydrogel composites, which resulted in improved stability, drug content, and drug release. Furthermore, loading of chitosan nanoparticles with nitazoxanide increased their efficacy in both infected immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, resulting in a decrease in the shedding of Cryptosporidium oocyst and an improvement in the histopathological changes caused by the infection in the mice's liver, intestine, and lungs 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis

et al. 2023

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Infection with cryptosporidiosis endangers the lives of many people with immunodeficiency, especially HIV patients. Nitazoxanide is one of the main therapeutic drugs used to treat cryptosporidiosis. However, it is poorly soluble in water, which restricts its usefulness and efficacy in immunocompromised patients. Surfactants have an amphiphilic character which indicates their ability to improve the water solubility of the hydrophobic drugs. Our research concerns the synthesis of new cationic Gemini surfactants that have the ability to improve the solubility of the drug Nanazoxide. So, we synthesized cationic Gemini surfactants. N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) and 2,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N-(2-octadecanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethane-1-aminium) dichloride (CGSES18) and the detection of their chemical composition by spectroscopic methods, as well as studying the properties of their surfaces and their toxicity. Furthermore, the efficacy of nitazoxanide in infected mice was studied in conjunction with three different doses of surfactants. To assess the effect of nitazoxanide and surfactants, the infection was parasitologically counted before and after treatment, and the intestinal, liver, and lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. In this study, it was found that the combination of the drug nitazoxanide with surfactants, especially the compound (CGSPS18) at a concentration of 25% increased the efficacy and resulted in a percentage reduction of 90.8%. Histopathological examination revealed that the group treated with the drug nitazoxanide in combination with CGSPS18 showed the best results exhibiting an almost normal villous pattern. This study demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of nitazoxanide when combined with surfactants, and this suggests a promising future for the use of surfactants as an adjunct to enhance the effectiveness of nitazoxanide for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly HIV patients.

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Assessment of chitosan nanoparticles in improving the efficacy of nitazoxanide on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent murine models

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice

Anti-cryptosporidial activity of Camellia sinensis (green tea extract) in experimentally infected immunocompromised mice

Antiparasitic and immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and selenium on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice

In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis

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