Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Comparison of Risk Indices

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem; it is synchronized with the development of many complications of which cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent and detrimental. This study aimed at comparing the strength of various cardiovascular risk indices among diabetes type 2 patients. The risk indices evaluated were: Apoprotein A 1 , Apoprotein B 1 , lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, (TCHOL), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (HDL), TC/HDL, pentad and tetrad. Two hundred and four (204) subjects were studied comprising of 152 diabetes subjects and 52 non-diabetics as control. The result shows significantly higher values in the mean blood pressure of diabetic subjects when compared with the control at (p < 0.05. Mean HbA1C and total cholesterol values for diabetes subjects were significantly higher when compared with the control. However, the HDL-cholesterol of the diabetes subjects was significantly lower when compared to the control subjects. There was no significant difference in triglyceride level of both groups. The mean values of Apo A, Apo B and lipoprotein a, were higher in diabetic subjects compared to the control subjects at (p< 0.05). Comparison of the liporprotein induces in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, Lpa had a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95.7%, next was pentad with sensitivity of 91.45%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95.73%. Tetrad had a sensitivity of 81.05%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 90.5%, the TC/HDL ratio and the least accuracy of 75.76%. Based on the overall accuracy Lpa tend to display highest accuracy followed by PENTAD and TETARD.