Assessment of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transcripts In Vivo

Rovnak, Joel; Casey, James W.

doi:10.1128/jvi.73.10.8890-8897.1999

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The BLV’s reliance on Pol III to express miRNAs has been proposed to maintain its Pol II-transcribed coding genes silent and thereby evade the cellular immune surveillance. While BLV replication proceeds despite weak viral transcription levels [ 256 , 257 ], robustly generated BLV miRNAs reportedly constitute up to 40% of total cellular miRNAs [ 251 ]. Further, at least one of the BLV-encoded miRNAs appears to share common traits with miRNAs encoded by some DNA viruses.…”

Section: Does Hiv-1 Encode Mirnas?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update

Muthukumar

Pandhare

Dash

2018

Viruses

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HIV-1 has already claimed over 35 million human lives globally. No curative treatments are currently available, and the only treatment option for over 36 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS are antiretroviral drugs that disrupt the function of virus-encoded proteins. However, such virus-targeted therapeutic strategies are constrained by the ability of the virus to develop drug-resistance. Despite major advances in HIV/AIDS research over the years, substantial knowledge gaps exist in many aspects of HIV-1 replication, especially its interaction with the host. Hence, understanding the mechanistic details of virus–host interactions may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or management of HIV/AIDS. Notably, unprecedented progress in deciphering host gene silencing processes mediated by several classes of cellular small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) presents a promising and timely opportunity for developing non-traditional antiviral therapeutic strategies. Cellular microRNAs (miRNA) belong to one such important class of sncRNAs that regulate protein synthesis. Evidence is mounting that cellular miRNAs play important roles in viral replication, either usurped by the virus to promote its replication or employed by the host to control viral infection by directly targeting the viral genome or by targeting cellular proteins required for productive virus replication. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the role of miRNAs in HIV-1 biology.

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Section: Does Hiv-1 Encode Mirnas?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update

Muthukumar

Pandhare

Dash

2018

Viruses

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“…The amount of viral RNA transcribed from the 5′ LTR promoter is extremely low in vivo . In primary tumor cells, only very sensitive techniques such as RT-PCR can identify viral RNA transcribed from the 5′ LTR promoter ( Lagarias and Radke, 1989 ; Rovnak and Casey, 1999 ; Shimizu-Kohno et al, 2011 ; Demontis et al, 2015 ). It was initially concluded that the provirus is silent.…”

Section: Experimental Evidence and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does HTLV-1 Undergo Oncogene-Dependent Replication Despite a Strong Immune Response?

et al. 2018

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In 1987, Mitsuaki Yoshida proposed the following model (Yoshida and Seiki, 1987): “... T-cells activated through the endogenous p40x would express viral antigens including the envelope glycoproteins which are exposed on the cell surface. These glycoproteins are targets of host immune surveillance, as is evidenced by the cytotoxic effects of anti-envelope antibodies or patient sera. Eventually all cells expressing the viral antigens, that is, all cells driven by the p40x would be rejected by the host. Only those cells that did not express the viral antigens would survive. Later, these antigen-negative infected cells would begin again to express viral antigens, including p40x, thus entering into the second cycle of cell propagation. These cycles would be repeated in so-called healthy virus carriers for 20 or 30 years or longer....” Three decades later, accumulated experimental facts particularly on intermittent viral transcription and regulation by the host immune response appear to prove that Yoshida was right. This Hypothesis and Theory summarizes the evidences that support this paradigm.

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Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) for the field diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection

Shiu

Lee

et al. 2017

Journal of Virological Methods

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Assessment of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transcripts In Vivo

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update

Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update

How Does HTLV-1 Undergo Oncogene-Dependent Replication Despite a Strong Immune Response?

Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) for the field diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection

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