Assessment of bone strength at differentially-loaded skeletal regions in adolescent middle-distance runners

Greene, David; Naughton, Géraldine; Briody, Julie; Kemp, Allan; Woodhead, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.030

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Enriched or furnished cages (FUR) in comparison to conventional cages (CON) provide more space for movement, more opportunity for load bearing exercise such as perching, jumping etc., and support for expression of normal behavior such as scratching, perching, preening etc. Rearing pullets in FUR could be one way of enhancing bone mineralization and strength in pullets ( Campbell et al., 2019 ) because exercise positively enhances bone development ( Greene et al., 2006 ; Koistinen et al., 2014 ; Yuan et al., 2016 ; Patel et al., 2020 ). Mineral nutrition especially Ca and P plays a pivotal role in establishing and sustaining bone quality ( Lukić et al., 2009 ; Korver, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

2021

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The effects of rearing cage type and dietary Ca, available P and vitamin D 3 (VitD 3 ) on body and skeletal development were studied. A total of 3,420 Lohmann LSL-Lite day-old chicks were reared in conventional (CON) or furnished cages (FUR) to 16 wk of age. Initially, 40 and 150 chicks/cage were placed in CON and FUR and transitioned to 20 and 75 chicks/cage at 8 wk of age, respectively. Three diets: Diet 1, Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 were formulated to meet nutrient specifications with Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 containing 1.5 and 2 times more Ca, P and VitD 3 than Diet 1, respectively. Diets were allocated within cage type to give 6 replicates and fed in 3 feeding programs: starter, grower and developer. At 4, 12 and 16 wk of age, BW was recorded, and femur, tibia and blood samples for bone quality and related parameters. There were no interactions ( P > 0.05) of cage type, diet and pullet age on BW, plasma Ca and inorganic P, femur and tibia morphometry, mineral density (MD), breaking strength (BS) and ash concentration (AC). Concentration of Ca, P and VitD 3 linearly decreased BW ( P < 0.001), relative femur ( P = 0.010) and tibia weight ( P = 0.013). A quadratic increase on femur MD ( P = 0.03) and BS ( P = 0.026) was observed with dietary concentration of Ca, P and VitD 3 . Femur ( P = 0.031) was longer for CON than FUR pullets, however, femur for FUR pullets had higher ( P = 0.003) AC. Cage had no effect ( P ≥ 0.415) femoral MD and BS. Pullets reared in FUR cages exhibited higher tibial MD ( P = 0.015), BS ( P = 0.071), AC ( P < 0.01) and whole-body mineral content ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, cage type and diets showed independent effect on femur and tibia quality with FUR pullets exhibiting enhanced indices of mineralization. Feeding pullets twice the recommended Ca, P and VitD 3 decreased BW, relative weight of leg bone but enhanced femoral strength with no effects on tibia attributes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

2021

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“…The frequency and intensity of exercise is important in influencing the bone health of adolescents ( Ishikawa et al, 2013 ; Rowlands et al, 2020 ). Appropriately designed aerobic exercise and resistance training can improve bone health in young people ( Greene et al, 2006 ; Lloyd et al, 2014 ). Cheerleading is an aerobic dance sport that includes many aerobic and self-weight training elements and has been found to benefit the development of cardiorespiratory endurance and strength in adolescents ( Krivoruchko, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cheerleading practice on advanced glycation end products, areal bone mineral density, and physical fitness in female adolescents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Exercise has been widely reported to promote bone health, but it is unknown whether is associated with a reduction in advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of 14 weeks of cheerleading exercise on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and AGEs.Methods: In this study, 46 female teenagers (age, 19.52 ± 1.21 years; body mass index, 20.15 ± 2.47 kg/m2) were randomly divided into a cheerleading group (CHE, n = 21) and a control group (CON, n = 25). The CHE group was subjected to cheerleading practice twice a week for 14 weeks; the CON group maintained their daily routine. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD, and autofluorescence (AF) values were used to reflect AGEs. Physical fitness testing all-in-one machines are used to test body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness and flexibility. A mixed ANOVA model was used to examine the effect of the intervention on each outcome. A multiple mediation model with covariates for physical activity and eating behaviors was performed to explore the mediators between cheerleading exercise and aBMD.Results: After 14 weeks of cheerleading practice, 1) aBMD increased significantly in both groups with significantly higher increases in the CHE group (p < 0.05). 2) AGEs significantly decreased in the CHE group (−2.7%), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 3) Vertical jumps and sit-ups significantly increased in the CHE group (p < 0.05), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 4) ΔAF values was significantly negatively correlated with Δ aBMD (r = −0.302, p < 0.05). 5) ΔAF values mediated the effect of exercise on the aBMD (indirect effect: 0.0032, 95% CI 0.0002–0.0079).Conclusion: Cheerleading practice improved aBMD and physical fitness and reduced AGEs accumulation in female adolescents. The effect of exercise on aBMD was partially mediated by AGEs.

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Female high-school varsity athletics: An opportunity to improve bone mineral density

Bush

2009

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Assessment of bone strength at differentially-loaded skeletal regions in adolescent middle-distance runners

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

Effects of cheerleading practice on advanced glycation end products, areal bone mineral density, and physical fitness in female adolescents

Female high-school varsity athletics: An opportunity to improve bone mineral density

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