Assessment of Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica, as a biological control agent of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)

The association of Boeremia lilacis with necrotic lesions on shoots and leaf petioles and its pathogenicity towards Fraxinus excelsior

“…Based on the morphological traits and sequences of ITS, ACT, TUB and EF1-α, the presented here isolates used for pathogenicity tests were identified as Boeremia lilacis. The genetic relations among 10 isolates used in this experiment clearly showed that they are distinct from 11 varieties of Boeremia exigua and 8 other species of Boeremia (Aveskamp et al 2009;Berner et al 2015). All Polish isolates are genetically most similar to Boeremia lilacis strains (CBS 569.79, CBS 489.94 and CBS 101206) identified by Aveskamp et al (2009) and create a unique and distinctive from other Boeremia species/varieties clade in Fig.…”

“…This data-set was used in phylogenetic analysis whose purpose was to determine the species / variety of Boeremia isolates used in the pathogenicity test. The analysis included sequences for all isolates acquired in this study and three B. lilacis isolates currently available in GenBank database (Aveskamp et al 2009;Berner et al 2015). We also used sequences for 33 isolates of different varieties of B. exigua and 17 isolates of other Boeremia species (Berner et al 2015).…”

“…The analysis included sequences for all isolates acquired in this study and three B. lilacis isolates currently available in GenBank database (Aveskamp et al 2009;Berner et al 2015). We also used sequences for 33 isolates of different varieties of B. exigua and 17 isolates of other Boeremia species (Berner et al 2015). The analysis itself was carried out in MEGA 7.0 software (Kumar et al 2016) using maximum likelihood (ML) method.…”

“…Taxonomically B. exigua is considered to be an assemblage of over ten varieties (Boerema and Höweler 1967;Aa et al 2000;Aveskamp et al 2010;Berner et al 2015). Thus, morphological identification is often supported by molecular methods (Abeln et al 2002;Aveskamp et al 2009Aveskamp et al , 2010Berner et al 2015).…”

“…Taxonomically B. exigua is considered to be an assemblage of over ten varieties (Boerema and Höweler 1967;Aa et al 2000;Aveskamp et al 2010;Berner et al 2015). Thus, morphological identification is often supported by molecular methods (Abeln et al 2002;Aveskamp et al 2009Aveskamp et al , 2010Berner et al 2015). Among several identification methods of Boeremia/Phoma species and varieties, based on gene or sets of gene sequencing such as combined cox1 and ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-α or fragment of actin gene (Aveskamp et al 2009(Aveskamp et al , 2010Berner et al 2015), the best method to identify our isolates was the four gene based (ITS, ACT, TUB and EF1-α) phylogenetic analysis as described in Berner et al (2015).…”