Assessment of body composition by measurement of electrical conductivity in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia

Pirke, Karl M.; Muenzing, Wolfgang; Moser, E.; Beumont, P. J. V.

doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198907)8:4<479::aid-eat2260080412>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The participant's percentage body fat and weight were measured using the Tanita TBF-350 measurement scale via bio-electrical impedance (Nunez et al, 1997). The Tanita TBF-350 calculated the participant's percentage body fat using weight, bio-electrical impedance, height, and age (Pirke, Muenzing, Moser, & Beumont, 1989).…”

Section: Biological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives and androgenicity: Influences on visuospatial task performance in younger individuals.

Wharton¹,

Hirshman²,

Merritt³

et al. 2008

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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The current study investigated whether the androgenic activity of oral contraceptives (OC) mediates performance on sexually dimorphic cognitive tasks in 155 younger individuals. Participants were categorized by hormonal contraceptive use (user vs. nonuser) and the androgenic activity of each OC (OC generation). OC generation was determined based on previous research in which users are grouped based on the type of progestin contained in each OC. Cognitive tasks included the mental rotation task (MRT) and a recognition memory task. In addition, we examined the correlates of both menstrual cycle phase and OC use, such as mood, premenstrual syndrome, depression, blood pressure, and body fat using standardized measures. The main result was that OC androgenicity influenced MRT performance. Second generation OCs are the most androgenic. Thus, MRT performance was best in these OC users as compared to third generation users, Yasmin users and nonusers. On the other hand, Yasmin, a newer generation of OC, contains an "antiandrogenic" progestin, dropirenone. Yasmin users not only performed more poorly on the MRT in comparison to second and third generation pill users, but they performed significantly worse than OC nonusers. Results show that the androgenic activity in OCs influences MRT performance in the presence of static estrogen levels. Overall, the resulting pattern is consistent with a broad range of results demonstrating that visuospatial performance may be enhanced in women who are exposed to androgenic treatments. Furthermore, visuospatial performance is hindered with the introduction of antiandrogenic preparations.

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Section: Biological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives and androgenicity: Influences on visuospatial task performance in younger individuals.

Wharton¹,

Hirshman²,

Merritt³

et al. 2008

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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show abstract

“…Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a condition wherein an individual, usually 1-4% of females (Watson et al, 2019), self-imposes severe food restrictions and loses up to 25% of body weight. Over the decades, AN has been regarded principally as a psychogenic condition, but one with severe physiological consequences (Pirke, 1987;Dalle Grave et al, 2008;Treasure et al, 2015;Calugi et al, 2018;Watson et al, 2019). A related condition is semi-starvation (SS); this, too, manifests due to a striking reduction in food consumption and dramatic weight loss Fichter et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and differences regarding acute anorexia nervosa and semi-starvation: does behavioral thermoregulation play a central role?

Smith

2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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ObjectiveTo clarify the association between acute anorexia nervosa (AN) and semi-starvation (SS) by focusing on similarities and differences in physiology, mood, and behavior.MethodA comparison of published literature between these two groups.ResultsBoth groups show similar hormonal and metabolic changes in response to caloric restriction and extreme weight loss (~25%). Associated changes result in a reduced body temperature (Tcore-low). Maintenance of body temperature within a specific range is crucial to survival. However, both groups cannot activate autonomic strategies to maintain their Tcore-low, such as increasing metabolic rate, constricting skin blood vessels, or shivering. Furthermore, Tcore-low increases the individuals’ “coldness sensations” throughout the body, hence the frequent reports from ANs and SSs of “feeling cold.” To eliminate these uncomfortable “coldness sensations” and, importantly, to maintain Tcore-low, ANs, and SSs “select” different thermoregulatory behavioral strategies. It is proposed that the primary differences between AN and SS, based on genetics, now manifest due to the “selection” of different thermo-regulatory behaviors. AN patients (ANs) “select” hyperactive behavior (HyAc), which increases internal metabolic heat and thus assists with maintaining Tcore-low; in harmony with hyperactive behavior is a lively mood. Also related to this elevated arousal pattern, ANs experience disrupted sleep. In contrast, SS individuals “select” a passive thermo-behavioral strategy, “shallow torpor,” which includes reduced activity, resulting in energy conservation. In addition, this inactivity aids in the retention of generated metabolic heat. Corresponding to this lethargic behavior, SS individuals display a listless mood and increased sleep.ConclusionInitial similarities between the two are attributable to physiological changes related to extreme weight loss. Differences are most likely attributable to genetically programmed “selection” of alternate thermoregulatory strategies, primarily to maintain Tcore-low. However, if acute AN is prolonged and evolves into a chronic condition, AN will more closely align with starvation and more precisely reflect SS symptomology.

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Altered body fat distribution after recovery of weight in patients with anorexia nervosa

Iketani

Kiriike

Nagata

et al. 1999

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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Assessment of body composition by measurement of electrical conductivity in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Oral contraceptives and androgenicity: Influences on visuospatial task performance in younger individuals.

Oral contraceptives and androgenicity: Influences on visuospatial task performance in younger individuals.

Similarities and differences regarding acute anorexia nervosa and semi-starvation: does behavioral thermoregulation play a central role?

Altered body fat distribution after recovery of weight in patients with anorexia nervosa

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