Assessment of blue crab Shell (Callinectes sapidus) particles as bio‐based filler to EPDM rubber

Abstract

The use of waste and biodegradable materials as alternative substitutes in different areas is supporting green production in recent years. The utilization of such materials is supporting an economical way, while an environmentally and friendly approach is increased sustainability. In this context, the replacement of carbon black, which is frequently used in the rubber industry but has many drawbacks, with waste and a biodegradable filling material has attracted the attention of researchers over the past decades. In this study, ethylene propylene diene termonomer (EPDM) and EPDM with different blue crab shell (BCS) incorporated into rubber matrix were produced. The effect of carbon black and BCS content within the EPDM matrix on the rheological, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated. The rheological analysis revealed that BCS added to the EPDM matrix enhanced the vulcanization parameters. Moreover, the addition of BCS into the EPDM matrix up to 12 phr increased the value of T 50 temperature, tensile strength, and crosslinking density of composite material. In conclusion, it was revealed that BCS could be used as an alternative filling material in rubber industry, such biodegradable and bio-based materials could become an important substitute with the economic and environmental benefits.

The Blue Treasure: Comprehensive Biorefinery of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)

“…Dried and ground crab shells have recently found applications in the polymer industry as a bio-filler for polymers. Akbay et al [151] proposed the incorporation of crab shell powder into ethylene propylene diene termonomer (EPDM) rubber. EPDM is present in many items of common use, such as cables, doors and windows, tubes, roofs, shoes, and high-tech applications [152,153].…”

Recent development of biodegradable synthetic rubbers and bio-based rubbers using sustainable materials from biological sources

“…For example, in recent years, the use of cellulosic materials obtained directly from sources without extraction is gaining attention to evaluate the necessity of pure cellulose extraction. [152][153][154][155][156][157] The process of cellulose isolation usually requires a vast amount of chemicals and produces many wastes, and this could be deemed as an obstacle in achieving the sustainability goal. Recent reports of other naturally sourced materials that were obtained without extraction or isolation are tabulated in Table 3.…”

Micro‐Mesoporous Hierarchical Beta Zeolite and its Catalytic Application in Acetic Acid Benzylation

“…Consequently, significant emphasis has been placed on the development of solid acid catalysts for esterification processes [14] . Over the past few decades, numerous solid catalysts have been proposed in the literature [15,16] . These include novel solid acids and alkalis, ion exchange resins, zeolites, and acidic clay catalysts.…”