Assessment of blood measures of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with acute fish oil supplementation and washout in men and women

Metherel, Adam H.; Armstrong, Jeff; Patterson, Ashley C.; Stark, Ken D.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.018

Cited by 119 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…While the male and female rats in the present study were fed the same controlled chow diets, human diets are not regulated. Women tend to consume higher proportions of carbohydrates and less fat as compared with men (Garriguet 2007;Metherel et al 2009). A high carbohydrate and low fat diet can result in an increased influence of endogenous fatty acid synthesis on tissue fatty acid composition (Lands 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction of lipids from liver tissue was done based on the method of Bligh and Dyer (Bligh and Dyer 1959), and erythrocytes using a modified method of Reed (Reed et al 1960;Metherel et al 2009), using 2:2:1.8 chloroform:methanol:water (v:v:v) for extraction. Plasma and HepG2 lipids were extracted as described by Folch, Lees and Sloane Stanley using 2:1 chloroform:methanol (v:v) (Folch et al 1957).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

2012

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Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been viewed as either beneficial or neutral with respect to health; however, recent evidence suggests that MUFA may be associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Sex differences in MUFA composition have been reported in both rats and humans, but the basis for this sexual dimorphism is unknown. In the current study, enzymes involved in MUFA biosynthesis are examined in rat and cell culture models. Male and female rats were maintained on an AIN-93G diet prior to killing at 14 weeks of age after an overnight fast. Concentrations of 16:0 (2,757 ± 616 vs. 3,515 ± 196 lg fatty acid/g liver in males), 18:1n-7 (293 ± 66 vs. 527 ± 49 lg/g) and 18:1n-9 (390 ± 80 vs. 546 ± 47 lg/g) were lower, and concentrations of 18:0 (5,943 ± 1,429 vs. 3,987 ± 325 lg/g) were higher in phospholipids in livers from female rats compared with males. Hepatic elongase 6 mRNA and protein were 5.9-and 2.0-fold higher, respectively, in females compared with males. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression did not differ. Specific hormonal effects were examined in HepG2 cells cultured with varying concentrations of 17b-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone (0, 10, 30 and 100 nM) for 72 h. Progesterone and 17b-estradiol treatments increased, while testosterone decreased, elongase 6 protein. Sex differences in MUFA composition were associated with increased expression of hepatic elongase 6 in females relative to male rats, which appears to be mediated by sex hormones based on observations of hormonal treatments of HepG2 cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

2012

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“…Total lipids were extracted from 100 μL thawed whole blood using 3 mL of 2:1 chloroform:methanol with 50 μg/mL butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant [9]. The lower, organic, lipid-containing phase was pipetted into a new test tube and an additional 2 mL of chloroform was added to the original test tube for a second extraction.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Transesterification Of Whole Blood Sphingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dried blood spots (DBS) collected by fingertip prick provide fatty acid determinations similar to venous whole blood sampling [1,2], and in recent years have gained in acceptance and been adopted for use in a variety of populations including infants [3,4], the elderly [5] and military personnel [6], among others [2,[7][8][9]. In addition, the % sum of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in whole blood can be used as a predictor for risk of sudden cardiac death [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, microwave-assisted direct fatty acid transesterifications have been reported for the conversion of DBS by fingertip prick [1,6,9] and serum [16] lipids into FAME. Although microwave-assisted direct transesterification may fail to fully transesterify triacylglycerols when using 14 % boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) in methanol [1], this may be a limitation of the kitchen-grade microwave utilized in two of the previous studies [1,9]. This potential limitation may be overcome by systems such as the CEM Discover SP-D single-mode [16] or MARS multi-mode [6,16] microwaves specifically designed for laboratory processes (CEM Corporation, Matthews, North Carolina, USA).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave Energy Increases Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Yield in Human Whole Blood Due to Increased Sphingomyelin Transesterification

Metherel

Henao

Ciobanu

et al. 2015

Lipids

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Dried blood spots (DBS) by fingertip prick collection for fatty acid profiling are becoming increasingly popular due to ease of collection, minimal invasiveness and its amenability to high‐throughput analyses. Herein, we assess a microwave‐assisted direct transesterification method for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from DBS. Technical replicates of human whole blood were collected and 25‐μL aliquots were applied to chromatography strips prior to analysis by a standard 3‐h transesterification method or microwave‐assisted direct transesterification method under various power (variable vs constant), time (1–5 min) and reagent (1–10 % H2SO4 in methanol) conditions. In addition, a standard method was compared to a 5‐min, 30‐W power microwave in 1 % H2SO4 method for FAME yield from whole blood sphingomyelin, and sphingomyelin standards alone and spiked in whole blood. Microwave‐assisted direct transesterification yielded no significant differences in both quantitative (nmol/100 µL) and qualitative (mol%) fatty acid assessments after as little as 1.5‐ and 1‐min reaction times, respectively, using the variable power method and 5 % H2SO4 in methanol. However, 30‐W power for 5 min increased total FAME yield of the technical replicates by 14 %. This increase appears largely due to higher sphingomyelin‐derived FAME yield of up to 109 and 399 % compared to the standard method when determined from whole blood or pure standards, respectively. In conclusion, microwave‐assisted direct transesterification of DBS achieved in as little as 1‐min, and 5‐min reaction times increase total fatty acids primarily by significantly improving sphingomyelin‐derived fatty acid yield.

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Does omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation enhance neural efficiency? A review of the literature

Bauer

Crewther

Pipingas

et al. 2013

Human Psychopharmacology

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Assessment of blood measures of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with acute fish oil supplementation and washout in men and women

Cited by 119 publications

References 39 publications

Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

Microwave Energy Increases Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Yield in Human Whole Blood Due to Increased Sphingomyelin Transesterification

Does omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation enhance neural efficiency? A review of the literature

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