Assessment of biomass ash applications in soil and cement mortars

Tosti, Lorenzo; Zomeren, A. van; Pels, J.R.; Dijkstra, J.J.; Comans, R.N.J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.045

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Tosti et al [47,48] selected three ash samples FA1, FA2, and FA3 from combinations of biomass source and conversion technology on the basis of the criteria described in Sect. Burnability of fly ash as raw material for cement production in order to study (i) the leaching of major and trace elements from raw biomass ash and cement products containing biomass ash (ii) to perform a technical and environmental assessment of such cement products (iii) to evaluate the sustainability of application of biomass ash in cement as an alternative to landfilling [49].…”

Section: Mineral Composition and Thermal Treatment Of Selected Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of Na 2 O, K 2 O, Cl, SO 3 , MgO and P 2 O 5 in the biomass ash mixture can adversely affect the quality of the final cement products when biomass ash is used as raw Table 1 Technical information on fuel type, conversion technology and collection point of three biomass ash samples selected by Tosti et al [47,48] based on the criteria described in Sect. Burnability of fly ash as raw material for cement production.…”

Section: Content Of Elements In Biomass Ash With Potentially Adverse mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Biomass Ash Properties as Influenced by Feedstock and Thermal Conversion Technology towards Cement Clinker Production with a Lower Carbon Footprint

Tosti

Zomeren²,

Pels³

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose: This study evaluates the potential of biomass ash as raw clinker material and the influence of biomass feedstock and thermal conversion technology on biomass ash properties. Methods: A set of criteria for biomass feedstock and ash properties (i.e. CaO/SiO2 ratio and burnability) are established. A large dataset was collected and the best combination of biomass feedstock and conversion technology regarding the desired ash quality was identified. Results: Wood biomass has the highest potential to provide the right CaO/SiO2 ratio which is needed to form clinker minerals. Bark content and exogenous Si inclusion in wood biomass have a large influence on the CaO/SiO2 ratio. Paper sludge is composed of Ca, Si and Al and can potentially serve as a source of cement elements. Wood fly ash from pulverized fuel combustion can substitute a considerable amount of raw clinker materials due to its similar burnability. The replacement ratio is determined by the content of adverse elements in the ash (i.e. MgO2 and P2O5). Conclusion: Using biomass ash to lower the CO2 emission from clinker production depends on the joint effort of bioenergy producers, by providing higher quality biomass ash, and cement makers, by adapting the kiln operation to enable a high level of raw material replacement by biomass ash.The presented evaluation of the ash production chain, from biomass selection through combustion technology and ash management, provides new insights and recommendations for both stakeholders to facilitate this sustainable development. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Mineral Composition and Thermal Treatment Of Selected Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Content Of Elements In Biomass Ash With Potentially Adverse mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Biomass Ash Properties as Influenced by Feedstock and Thermal Conversion Technology towards Cement Clinker Production with a Lower Carbon Footprint

Tosti

Zomeren²,

Pels³

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…In general, there are two forms of waste material which produced from a coal electrical power plant is in BA and fly ash. Reference [2] stated that BA is referred to a fraction which discharged out from the combustion chamber while fly ash is entrained with the flue gas and collected after a process of flue gas cleaning. BA is broadly used in concrete technology as sand or cement replacement and highway engineering as an additive in road pavement production [3].…”

Section: Bottom Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour of Mortar Made with Washed Bottom Ash as Sand Replacement

Muda¹

2019

IJETER

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Bottom ash (BA) is a waste material which found from the electrical power plant whether collect from a boiler or landfill area. While, mortar is a construction material which incorporated between sand, cement and water. There are a lot of problems such as environmental impact and limited sources of raw material which able to solve by using waste material as a sand replacement in mortar. Thus, BA is selected and treated with fully submerging in the water to recognise as washed BA. The process is used for minimised the carbon content of the BA. Washed BA is utilised in a mortar with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of sand replacement and compared the result with control mix (0%) of sand replacement. The mortar design mix proportion is depended on cement to sand ratio of 1:3 with 0.55 of water-cement ratio. There are two testings, workability for fresh condition and compressive strength for hardening condition of the mortar is done. As a result, the height of the slump is reduced with increasing of the sand replacement in mortar. Additionally, the maximum load and compressive strength of the mortar is also decreased when the washed BA as a sand replacement added. Lastly, the specimen with 15% of sand replacement of washed BA is the best mortar mix which provided reasonable compressive strength and workability for further study.

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“…On the other hand, some potentially toxic elements present in the biomass ash might be released in the environment during the different life stages of the fly ash containing cement (e.g. reuse of the cement aggregates after initial use in structural applications) (Tosti et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of the reuse of fly ash from biomass combustion as secondary cementitious material in cement products

Tosti

Zomeren

Pels

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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In this study, we performed a life cycle assessment of the reuse of biomass fly ash as secondary cementitious material in cement mortars as alternative to a reference landfill scenario of the ash. Since biomass ash does contain enhanced levels of elements that are of potential concern for the environment or human exposure, the performed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), in addition to CO2 savings, takes into account the impact on all non-toxic categories and human toxicity/carcinogenicity during service and second life stages. Results showed that utilization of biomass ash in cement is preferable over landfill for all the non-toxic categories at both cement replacements rates of 20 and 40 wt.%. In detail, the reduction of CO2-eq. was found to be between 11-26 % when biomass ash was blended with cement instead of being landfilled. The hydraulic activity of biomass ashes was found to be a critical parameter in this scenario, as it had impacts on the global warming potential (and all other investigated non-toxic categories), and it is therefore crucial to consider the uncertainty related to this aspect in LCA studies. Cement containing biomass ash performed better, on average, when compared with the reference landfill scenario regarding the impact to human toxicity (carcinogenic) category. Contrary, only the utilization in cement for one particular ash type (from paper sludge combustion) showed a better performance than the reference scenario for the ecotoxicity (ET) category. The impact to human toxicity carcinogenic (HTc) and ecotoxicity (ET) was mainly dominated by the leaching of Cr from landfilling of pure biomass fly ash (reference scenario) and the leaching of Ba, Cu, Cr (VI) and Zn from the second life stage of cement products (i.e., reuse of the crushed cement after service life in road base applications). However, this impact was acceptable when emissions are compared to existing EU landfill directive and regulations on the reuse of secondary materials in construction works. The novel LCA approach performed in this study, which includes impacts of leached contaminants during both the service and second life phase of cement, has shown that the reuse of biomass ash as secondary cementitious materials has a beneficial effect on the majority of the impact categories, with no unacceptable leaching risks.

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Assessment of biomass ash applications in soil and cement mortars

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluating Biomass Ash Properties as Influenced by Feedstock and Thermal Conversion Technology towards Cement Clinker Production with a Lower Carbon Footprint

Evaluating Biomass Ash Properties as Influenced by Feedstock and Thermal Conversion Technology towards Cement Clinker Production with a Lower Carbon Footprint

Mechanical Behaviour of Mortar Made with Washed Bottom Ash as Sand Replacement

Life cycle assessment of the reuse of fly ash from biomass combustion as secondary cementitious material in cement products

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