Assessment of bacterial indicators and physicochemical parameters to investigate pollution status of Gangetic river system of Uttarakhand (India)

Sood, Ankita; Singh, Kamal Deep; Pandey, Piyush; Sharma, Shivesh

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.001

Cited by 77 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Total number of coliform bacteria indicated if the effluents contained fecal matter [60]. The higher the number of bacteria, the higher are the chances of fecal contamination, hence a greater risk water borne diseases would prevail [61,62]. Biological oxygen demand change at S1 was nominal while at S2, S3, and S4, it showed the highest average values from April to June, and then decreasing trend was observed during the summer monsoon and onwards.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations In Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream Health Evaluation Using a Combined Approach of Multi-Metric Chemical Pollution and Biological Integrity Models

Atique

2018

Water

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Bouchung Stream is a large tributary of the Geum River watershed that is simultaneously affected by wastewater treatment plant effluents and agricultural activities in the watershed area. The focal subject was to diagnose the chemical and biological health of the temperate stream by using a combined approach of the multi-metric water pollution index (WPI) and the index of biological integrity (IBI KR ), using datasets from 2008-2014. Water chemistry analyses indicated seasonal and inter-annual variations mainly linked to the intensity of monsoon rainfall in the watershed, potentially causing the availability of agricultural runoff water. The main events of phosphorus inflow and nitrogen dilutions occurred during July-August. Temporal and spatial heterogeneities were observed and were largely recognizable due to nutrient enrichment and organic matter intensification. Chlorophyll showed weak linear relation to total phosphorus (R 2 = 0.17) but no relation to total nitrogen (p > 0.05). Fish compositions analyzed as trophic/tolerance guilds in relation to water chemistry showed visible decline and modifications. Average WPI site scores ranged from 33-23, indicating an excellent upstream to fair downstream water quality status. Correspondingly, IBI KR scores ranged between 38-28 approximating with WPI site classification, as well as both indices showed higher regression relation (R 2 = 0.90). Fish guild analyses revealed tolerant and omnivore species dominating the downstream, while sensitive and insectivores depleting in approximation with changing water chemistry and was confirmed by the principal component analysis. In addition, the fish guilds meticulously responded to phosphorus inflows. In conclusion, overall stream health and water chemistry analyses indicated continuous chemical and biological degradation influencing the trophic and tolerance fish guilds. Moreover, the combined application approach of WPI and IBI KR could help in better understanding the chemical and biological mechanisms in rivers and streams.

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Section: Seasonal Variations In Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream Health Evaluation Using a Combined Approach of Multi-Metric Chemical Pollution and Biological Integrity Models

Atique

2018

Water

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“…Industrial and urban growth have been accompanied by growing pollution of the aquatic environment (1). The 940-km long Sava River fl ows through four countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…EF is usually calculated according to the equation: [1] where C x is the concentration of a metal and C ref a normalising element. Usually an average shale or non-contaminated crust is used as a reference material to which a sample is compared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution of the Sava River in Serbia

Vuković¹,

Marković²,

Radenković³

et al. 2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this study was to establish microbial and heavy metal pollution of the Sava River at three locations close to industry and urban areas (Šabac, Obrenovac, Beograd) in Serbia. Heavy metal analysis included Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the river water and sediment samples. Using the microbiological analysis we tried to establish the effectiveness of total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in detecting pollution of surface waters. We found that E. coli levels steadily increased downstream from Šabac (location 1; 2100 MPN per 100 mL) to Belgrade (location 3; 10000 MPN per 100 mL). To prevent bacterial contamination, it is necessary to reduce the discharge of wastewater with faecal matters near highly populated towns. Heavy metal levels in sediments correlated with those in the river water. Fluctuations attributed mainly to anthropogenic sources were not high. These results point to acceptable anthropogenic contribution to heavy metal content in the Sava River and to low environmental risk.

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“…Human waste contamination in water causes waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid and hepatitis (Theron and Cloete 2002;Elko et al 2003;Sood et al 2008). According to BIS, the coliform count should be\10 colonies/100 ml and absence of faecal coliform in water samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

Seth¹,

Mohan²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Appl Water Sci

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Water quality of Himalayan rivers has been steadily deteriorating over several decades due to anthropogenic activities, dumping of treated or untreated effluents, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, etc. In the present study, the water quality of five important rivers namely, Gola, Kosi, Ramganga, Saryu and Lohawati rivers were investigated which flow through the different districts of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The water of all these rivers serves as the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes in these districts of the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. River water samples collected in premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2011 and 2012 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Statistical analyses indicate positive correlation among most of the chemical parameters. Piper diagram illustrates that all the water samples fall in Ca-Mg-HCO 3 hydrochemical facies, Moreover, the suitability of water for drinking purposes determined by water quality index indicated that river water in both the seasons is unsuitable. Irrigation water quality of all the river water was found suitable during both the seasons according to the result of sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage and residual sodium carbonate. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality of all the rivers might be eutrophication, tourism, anthropogenic and geogenic processes. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of all these rivers, proper water resource planning programme should be developed.

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Assessment of bacterial indicators and physicochemical parameters to investigate pollution status of Gangetic river system of Uttarakhand (India)

Cited by 77 publications

References 8 publications

Stream Health Evaluation Using a Combined Approach of Multi-Metric Chemical Pollution and Biological Integrity Models

Stream Health Evaluation Using a Combined Approach of Multi-Metric Chemical Pollution and Biological Integrity Models

Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution of the Sava River in Serbia

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

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