Assessment of bacterial carriage on the hands of primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria

Ogba, Ofonime M.; Asukwo, Patience E.; Otu-Bassey, Iquo Bassey

doi:10.1186/s41702-017-0017-0

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…coli (21.5%) respectively. This result coincided with the results reported in previous studies [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 ]. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus could be because it is pathogenic bacteria that are normal flora of the skin and other body parts whereas the isolation of E .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Ango

Teshome

Getahun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Bacterial pathogens continued to be the major causes of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and remained public health important pathogens across the globe. As regards, housemaids operating inside a kitchen could be the source of infection and may transmit disease-inflicting pathogens through infected hands. Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids employed in dwellings in Ethiopia; particularly in the study area haven’t been underexplored yet. Objective: A study aimed to assess the profiles of bacteria isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia. Methods: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 230 housemaids from April-June 2022. Hand swabs samples from the dominant hand of the study participants were collected under sterile conditions for the segregation of commensal microbes following standard operating procedures. Then in the laboratory, the swabs were inoculated aseptically using streak-plating methods on mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, Salmonella-shigella agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Then inoculated samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for bacterial isolation. In addition, a set of biochemical tests was applied to examine bacterial species. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1. All statistics were performed using SPSS® statistics version 26. Descriptive analyses were summarized using frequency and percentage. Results: The response rate of respondents was 97.8%. The prevalence of bacterial contaminants in the hands of housemaids who tested positive was 72% (95%CI: 66.2-77.8%). The isolated bacterial were Staphylococcus aureus (31.8%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (0.9%), Escherichia coli (21.5%), Salmonella (1.3%), Shigella (6.7%), Klebsiella species (23.3%) and Proteus species (14.8%). The isolation rate of bacteria was significantly associated with the removal watch, ring, and bracelet during hand washing. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol while the majority of them were resistant to Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Vancomycin, and Ceftazidime. Conclusions: Hands of housemaids are important potential sources of disease-causing bacterial pathogens that would result in the potential risk of foodborne diseases. Most isolated bacteria were resistant to tested antimicrobial drugs. Everybody responsible should work practice of good hand hygiene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Ango

Teshome

Getahun

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In the present study, the isolation rate of E. coli was 21.3%, which is comparable with a study conducted in India (20.68%) ( 5 ). The result is lower than the study performed in Iran (29.2%) ( 51 ), Nigeria (25.0%) ( 58 ), and Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) (25.4%) ( 20 ). However, the result is higher compared to previous studies conducted in Mauritius (0.5%) ( 26 ), in the ICUs of United States medical centers (7.1%) ( 57 ), and in the different parts of Ethiopia: Jimma University (10.9%) ( 15 ), Gondar Town (3.1 and 1.9%) ( 1 , 61 ), Debre Markos (2.7%) ( 17 ), UoGRH (5.9%) ( 13 ), University of Gondar (2.67%) ( 14 ), DMCSH (3.9%) ( 19 ), and Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory (3.6%) ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Ango,

Gelaw,

Zegene

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionBacterial pathogens continue to be a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and remain a public health problem. Housemaids operating inside a kitchen could be the source of infection and may transmit disease-inflicting pathogens through contaminated hands.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia.MethodsA laboratory-based cross-sectional study was employed among 234 housemaids. Hand swab samples from the dominant hand of the study participants were collected under sterile conditions following standard operating procedures. Then, in the laboratory, the swabs were inoculated aseptically using streak-plating methods on the growth media, such as mannitol salt agar [Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci], MacConkey agar [Klebsiella species and Proteus species], salmonella-shigella agar [Salmonella species and Shigella species], and eosin methylene blue agar [Escherichia coli (E. coli)]. In addition, a set of biochemical tests was applied to examine bacterial species. Data were double-entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for further analysis. Descriptive analyses were summarized using frequency and percentage.ResultsThe proportion of housemaids’ hands containing one or more positive bacterial isolates was 72% (95% CI: 66.2, 77.8). The dominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%), Escherichia coli (21.3%), Salmonella species (1.3%), Shigella species (6.7%), Klebsiella species (23.1%) and Proteus species (14.7%). Fingernail status (AOR =15.31, 95% CI: 10.372, 22.595) and the removal of a watch, ring, and bracelet during hand washing (AOR = 20.844, 95% CI: 2.190, 9.842) were significantly associated with the prevalence of bacterial isolation. Most Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (98.6%). Escherichia coli isolates were susceptible to tetracycline (75%), ceftriaxone (79.2%), chloramphenicol (87.5%), and ceftazidime (77.1%). Eighty percent of isolated Shigella species were susceptible to chloramphenicol and gentamicin respectively. In addition, Klebsiella and Proteus species exhibited high susceptibility to chloramphenicol. However, their isolates showed resistance against a number of the tested antimicrobials. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (28.2%) were resistance to tetracycline. Moreover, One-quarter of Escherichia coli isolates were resistance to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and ceftazidime. Whereas 46.7% and 48.5% of isolated Shigella species and Proteus species were resistance to tetracycline and ceftriaxone.ConclusionThe hands of housemaids are important potential sources of pathogenic bacteria that would result in the potential risk of foodborne diseases. Most bacteria isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime. Therefore, practicing good hand hygiene helps to prevent and control the spread of antimicrobial-resistant microbes.

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“…e highest ratio value is for LX (5), whereas the least ratio value is for LFBY (1). e concave curve of (κ o /κ CMC ) with soaps is observed ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Conductivity and Ermodynamic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…ere have been many outbreaks of foodborne diseases and nosocomial infections due to hand contamination. Ogba et al [1] reported S. aureus followed by E. coli to be the most common isolates on the hands of primary school children in Nigeria. S. aureus and E. coli are associated with skin infections and food poisoning, respectively [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, degerming of the body is a matter of prime importance to maintain personal hygiene. e simplest and effective way to prevent the spread of microbial infections is proper cleaning and washing of body parts using soap [1]. e soap contains surfactants and antimicrobial ingredients to enhance the cleansing action and wash pathogenic organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conductivity, Surface Tension, and Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy Study of Different Brands of Soaps of Nepal

Chaudhary

Bhattarai

Guragain

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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The current study aims to evaluate the solution properties and antibacterial efficacy study of five different brands of toilet soaps of Nepal such as Okhati (OKT), Lifebuoy (LFBY), Lux (LX), Liril (LRL), and Chiuree Neem (NM). The evaluation of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and their thermodynamics and surface properties are also reported. This study was further extended to evaluate antibacterial efficacy against three pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) by disc diffusion technique, and it was done at four different concentrations of soap. The bioactive ingredients present in them provide antibacterial potency to cure various skin problems caused by bacterial pathogens. Similarly, the antibacterial potency of LFBY was found higher than other soaps. Based on these studies, we can simply take LFBY soap at the highest rank in regards to antibacterial sensitivity.

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Assessment of bacterial carriage on the hands of primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Profiles of bacteria isolates and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among housemaids working in communal living residences in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the hands of housemaids in Jimma City, Ethiopia

Conductivity, Surface Tension, and Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy Study of Different Brands of Soaps of Nepal

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