Assessment of Association of Demographic Characteristics, Diet and Disease With Haemorrhagic Stroke and Factors Causing Stroke Leading to Cerebral Haemorrhage in Male Patients in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract

Objectives. This study aimed to assess and make a pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients as well as to assess association of demographic characteristics, diet and disease with haemorrhagic stroke in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Methods. In a cross sectional questionnaire based interviewing study, a questionnaire was designed to access the pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients. Total 339 cases (adult male who had haemorrhagic stroke) were identified from two government and four private hospitals in Quetta City, Province Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was conducted within the time period of 9 months, from March to November, 2015. The data was piloted and then final data was analysed by using IBM SPSS 22. Results. In demographic characteristic study of patients, majority 219 (64.6%) were among the age group between 51 years and above, 330 (97.3%) were married, majority 186 (54.9%) were having urban residence and 277 (81.7%) were having own residence ownership, 127 (37.5%) were having addiction to smoking and 120 (35.4%) were addicted to tobacco and snuff. 124 (36.6%) were reluctant to mention whether their patients were either smokers or not. Among total 339 patients, majority 284 (83.8%) were not doing physical exercise routinely or if they were recommended by the physician. Among the 339 patients, all 339 (100%) of patients selected the multiple options among all given options (headache, unconscious/loss of consciousness, pain in neck). Conclusions. Demographic characteristics, low level of education, low income, urban residence in combined family setup, married, increased number of children are associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Smoking, tobacco and snuffing may also cause stroke. Lack of physical exercise, past history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension (personal or family) of any type does not significantly cause stroke but may increase the risk of stroke. The order of events suddenly happened to the hemorrhagic patients are headache, pain in neck, vomiting and finally state of unconsciousness.